Benefits of street sun sails to limit building cooling needs in a mediterranean city

García‐Nevado, Elena; Duport, Nicolas; Bugeat, Antoine; Beckers, Benoît

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107403

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…According to the precinct ventilation zone, open low-rise precincts in Sydney were the worst in PET, followed by open midrise and compact high-rise precincts (26). Shading structures or tree shade could also result in strong cooling performance in the mean radiant temperature reduction (63,64). Trees, in particular, could generate shades and evapotranspiration effects for better cooling performance.…”

Section: Stress Category Pet Range For Western/middlementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of walkability and walkable routes of a 15-min city for heat adaptation: Development of a dynamic attenuation model of heat stress

Wang

Kang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Actively addressing urban heat challenges is an urgent task for numerous cities. Existing studies have primarily developed heat mitigation strategies and analyzed their cooling performance, while the adaptation strategies are far from comprehensive to protect citizens from heat-related illnesses and deaths. To address this research gap, this paper aims to enhance people's adaptation capacity by investigating walkability within fifteen-minute cities (FMC). Taking cognizance of thermal comfort, health, and safety, this paper developed a dynamic attenuation model (DAM) of heat stress, along with heat stress aggravation, continuance, and alleviation. An indicator of remaining tolerant heat discomfort (Rt) was proposed with the integration of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) to assess heat-related walkability. Following an empirical study among 128 residents in Mianyang, China, and assessing four levels of heat stress, the maximum tolerant heat discomfort was determined to be 60 min. Furthermore, the DAM was applied to an FMC with 12 neighborhoods in Fucheng, Mianyang, China. The results indicate that for each neighborhood, the street was generally walkable with an Rt ranging between 15 and 30 min, after walking for 900 m. A population-based FMC walkability was further determined, finding that the core area of the FMC was favorable for walking with an Rtof 45–46 min, and the perpetual areas were also walkable with an Rtof 15–30 min. Based on these results, suggestions on the frequency of public services (frequently used, often used, and occasionally used) planning were presented. Overall, this paper provides a theoretical model for analyzing walkability and outlines meaningful implications for planning heat adaptation in resilient, safe, comfortable, and livable FMCs.

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Section: Stress Category Pet Range For Western/middlementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of walkability and walkable routes of a 15-min city for heat adaptation: Development of a dynamic attenuation model of heat stress

Wang

Kang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Several studies have shown that tree canopy or building shades help to attenuate the heat from direct solar radiation [8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, a small number of studies have investigated the thermal condition and cooling benefits of using artificial shade structures, including contemporary ramadas [2] and permanent shelter canopies [14]. Moreover, the structural materials used for shading covered in previous research included solar cells [15], membranes [16], shelters [17][18][19], concrete [20], nylon [21], aluminum-acrylic [21], and sun sails with tissue properties including various colors and thickness [22].…”

Section: Studies Of Outdoor Shade Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Cooling Performance and Thermal Comfort under Street Market Shades and Tree Canopies in Tropical Savanna Climate

Jareemit

Srivanit

2022

Sustainability

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Walking through street markets is the most popular outdoor activity in Thailand, promoting local economies and tourism. In the year-round hot and humid conditions, living outdoors with long heat exposure throughout the midday can result in heat-related illness. Artificial shade structures and tree shade canopies are typical cooling strategies to protect market sellers and pedestrians from direct sun exposure and improve outdoor human thermal comfort in the street market. This study investigates microclimate conditions and cooling benefits of typical street market shade structures with different settings—three roofing materials, two roof shapes, and surrounding trees with dense and sparse canopies. The dimension of the single artificial shade was 2 m × 2 m with heights varying 2–2.5 m. The vertical air temperature and sky view factor profiles were measured on winter and summer days. The calculated physiological equivalent temperatures (PET) and thermal comfortable hours beneath different shade structures were assessed using RayMan 1.2 software. A cluster of trees with a dense canopy provided more effective cooling (with a satisfied thermal condition of 9 h) than artificial shade structures. Thermal conditions under the galvanized steel roofing and HDPE tarpaulin plastic roofing shades were cooler than those of polycarbonate roofing shade. Meanwhile, the space beneath the sparse tree canopy had the warmest condition. The temperature reductions beneath the artificial shade structure varied throughout the day, with the maximum reduction occurring during midday and the lowest reduction found in the late morning and late afternoon. Our study demonstrates that the tree canopies and artificial shade structures had limited application for providing comfortable conditions throughout midday. To reduce such extreme heat, a combination of shade structures with other cooling techniques is suggested, which should be the focus for further studies.

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“…Such an indicator-based system can also be beneficial for detecting what are the different needs in each block. For example, in those blocks with a low value of shadows in the public space, mitigation solutions include the adoption of solar control devices like street sun sails (e.g., [66]) or the promotion of street tree planting actions [72]. In blocks with low Urban Solar Potential, new constructions should include south-facing roofs with large areas to receive solar panels [37].…”

Section: Implications For Urban Planning and Sustainable Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In hot-summer Mediterranean climates, pedestrian comfort is highly affected by the amount of shaded area. In these regions, climate-responsive urban design can play an important role in cooling down the built environment [66], making it more pleasant for walking and cycling activities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Sustainable Urban Development Trends in a Dynamic Tourist Coastal Area Using 3D Spatial Indicators

et al. 2021

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In coastal areas, the tourism sector contributes to the local economy, generating income, employment, investments and tax revenues but the rapid urban expansion creates great pressure on local resources and infrastructures, with negative repercussions on the residents’ quality of life, but also compromising the visitor’s experience. These areas face problems such as the formation of meteorological effects known as heat islands, due to the soil sealing, and increased energy demand in the peak season. To evaluate the impact of urban growth spatial pattern and change, three strategic sustainable challenges—urban form, urban energy, and urban outdoor comfort—were selected. The progress towards sustainability was measured and analyzed in a tourist city in the Algarve region, Portugal, for the period 2007–2018, using geographic information. A set of 2D and 3D indicators was derived for the building and block scales. Then, a change assessment based on cluster analysis was performed, and three different trends of sustainable development were identified and mapped. Results allow detecting the urban growth patterns that lead to more sustainable urban areas. The study revealed that a high sustainable development was observed in 12% of the changed blocks in the study area. All indicators suggest that the growth pattern of the coastal area is in line with the studied sustainability dimensions. However, most of the blocks that changed between 2007 and 2018 (82%) followed a low sustainable development. These blocks had the lowest variation in the built volume and density, and consequently the lowest variations in the roof areas with good solar exposition. The urban development also privileged more detached and less compact buildings. This analysis will support the integration of 2D and 3D information into the planning process, assisting smart cities to comply with the sustainable development goals.

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Benefits of street sun sails to limit building cooling needs in a mediterranean city

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Assessment of walkability and walkable routes of a 15-min city for heat adaptation: Development of a dynamic attenuation model of heat stress

Assessment of walkability and walkable routes of a 15-min city for heat adaptation: Development of a dynamic attenuation model of heat stress

A Comparative Study of Cooling Performance and Thermal Comfort under Street Market Shades and Tree Canopies in Tropical Savanna Climate

Assessing Sustainable Urban Development Trends in a Dynamic Tourist Coastal Area Using 3D Spatial Indicators

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