Benefits of Supplemented Preterm Formulas on Insulin Sensitivity and Body Composition after Discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Pittaluga, E; Vernal, Patricia; Llanos, Adolfo; Vega, Susana; Henrriquez, Maria Teresa; Morgues, Mónica; Escobar, Marisol; Diaz, Alexis N.; Standen, Jane; Moncada, Paulina; Arriagada, M; Rodríguez, Lorena; Mericq, Verónica

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.06.002

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Exclusion criteria at birth and/or during the first year of life included medical, neurological, or genetic disorders or treatment with medications known to impair linear/statural growth. Feeding practices for all the VLBW infants during the first weeks of life and until 1 year of CA have been described elsewhere [7]. One third of the term and preterm newborns were delivered by cesarean section and Apgar score at 5 min of all them was 9 or more.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Are Inversely Associated with Growth Rates in Infancy

Mericq¹,

Luca²,

Hernández³

et al. 2014

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic and growth regulator. Aim: To investigate the role of FGF21 during growth in infancy. Methods: Blood samples for FGF21, leptin, insulin and glucose were collected from cord blood obtained from 95 preterm and term newborns (cross-sectional group), and at 6 and 12 months of life in 80 preterm and term infants (longitudinal group). Length and weight were measured at birth, 6 months, and 12 months. Results: From birth through 12 months of age, preterm infants' linear growth and weight gain were larger than those of term infants, irrespective of birth weight SDS. At birth and at 12 months, there was no difference in FGF21 levels between preterm and term infants; in contrast, at 6 months, serum FGF21 in term infants was significantly higher than that of preterm ones. In the 0-6-month period, in the whole longitudinal group, serum FGF21 was inversely correlated to the length change SDS, and such a significant inverse correlation persisted in the preterm-AGA group in the 6-12-month period. In addition, term infants who experienced length catch-up in the first 6 months of life exhibited lower serum FGF21 levels at 6 months, and those with length catch-up growth between 6 and 12 months had a greater decrease of serum FGF21 level in the same time period. Conclusions: Our results indicate that FGF21 in infancy is inversely correlated with linear growth rate, thus suggesting that FGF21 is a negative regulator of human growth.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Are Inversely Associated with Growth Rates in Infancy

Mericq¹,

Luca²,

Hernández³

et al. 2014

Horm Res Paediatr

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“…Therefore, we aimed to assess the relative contributions of body composition and energy expenditure on fasting insulin sensitivity and lipids during childhood and whether early patterns of growth have a different impact on these parameters. For this purpose, we took advantage of a previously described cohort of children born prematurely, with a wide range of birth weights adjusted for gestational age [8] followed longitudinally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Childhood in Preterm Children Born with Very Low Birth Weight

Sepúlveda¹,

Urquidi

Pittaluga

et al. 2013

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background: Rapid early ponderal growth is associated with adverse metabolic risks in young adults born at term. Aim: To determine whether there are differences in body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE) and metabolic variables between preterm children born with very low birth weight (VLBW) either appropriate (AGA) or small (SGA) for gestational age and whether these differences are related to an early period of weight gain. Methods: 67 VLBW preterm (40 AGA, 27 SGA). Body composition by DEXA, REE by indirect calorimetry and blood sampling at age 6.7 ± 0.5 years. Results: VLBW SGA children were lighter, shorter, had a lower waist and hip circumference, HDL cholesterol and lipid oxidation rates than their AGA counterparts (adjusted for age, sex and BMI). Birth weight correlated negatively with total body and trunk fat mass. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, we found a positive association between weight gain in the first 3 months of life and total and trunk fat at age 6 years and a reciprocal association with REE at age 6 years. In contrast, the weight gain rate at 6-9 months of life was associated with higher REE and lipid oxidation rates at 6 years. A higher weight gain rate at 9-12 months was associated with a higher lean mass at 6 years. Conclusion: An early fast-pace weight gain in VLBW infants may have detrimental consequences for metabolic health later on.

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“…Supplementation with early diet benefits short-time growth and BMD. Positive outcomes of an early special diet have been shown on body composition and fat mass during the first 2 y of life, but the long-term effects on BMD and other morbidities are not yet known (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone and fat mass in relation to postnatal levels of insulin-like growth factors in prematurely born children at 4 y of age

et al. 2014

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Background: Children born prematurely may be at risk of developing osteopenia. This study investigated whether insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in the early postnatal period influence bone mass and body composition in prematurely born children. Methods: A total of 74 control (gestational age >36 wk; n = 37) and preterm (gestational age <32 wk; n = 37) infants were investigated (mean age ± SD: 4.59 ± 0.31 y). Bone mineral density, body composition, and markers of bone and mineral metabolism were investigated in relation to postnatal IGF levels. results: After adjusting for confounders, we found no differences in bone mass, but significantly less lean mass, increased fat mass, and increased osteocalcin levels in ex-preterm infants. Forward stepwise multiple analysis revealed that higher late postnatal IGF-II levels predict lumbar spine bone mineral content (P < 0.05) and lean mass (P < 0.05). When the birth weight standard deviation score was included in the analysis, higher early postnatal IGF-I levels predicted both lumbar spine bone mineral density and bone mineral content (P < 0.05). Higher early postnatal IGF binding protein-3 (P < 0.01) predicted increased fat mass at 4-y follow-up. conclusion: Ex-preterm children have normal bone mass but different body composition compared with full-term controls. Higher early IGF-I and late postnatal IGF-II concentrations are positive predictors of lumbar spine bone mass. c hildren's bone health is an important issue with lifelong importance. Many factors and medical conditions are associated with an increased risk of a bone mineral disorder and future skeletal problems, including genetics, mechanical loading, activity level, longitudinal growth, puberty, hormones, cytokines, and nutritional status. Peak bone mass is achieved during early adulthood and serves as the "bone bank" for the remainder of life. Bone remodeling, the continuous process of bone formation and resorption, can be assessed and monitored by biochemical markers of bone turnover (1). Many studies have found that ex-preterm infants are shorter, lighter, and have lower bone mass (2-5) than their full-term peers, and ex-preterm infants who are small for gestational age at birth seem to have the most risk (6). However, several studies have found that the bone mass in ex-preterm infants is appropriate for their body size (7,8) and one study proposed that bone mineral density (BMD) in very-low-birth-weight infants is normalized at 2 y of age (9). During adolescence, children who were born prematurely do not have different bone mineral content (BMC ) (10) or BMD (11) (adjusted for height and weight) in comparison with normal-weight children born at full term. Supplementation with early diet benefits short-time growth and BMD. Positive outcomes of an early special diet have been shown on body composition and fat mass during the first 2 y of life, but the long-term effects on BMD and other morbidities are not yet known (12).In full-term newborn infants, umbilical cord serum insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-I and ...

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Benefits of Supplemented Preterm Formulas on Insulin Sensitivity and Body Composition after Discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Are Inversely Associated with Growth Rates in Infancy

Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Are Inversely Associated with Growth Rates in Infancy

Differences in Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Childhood in Preterm Children Born with Very Low Birth Weight

Bone and fat mass in relation to postnatal levels of insulin-like growth factors in prematurely born children at 4 y of age

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