Benign hyperplasia of the human prostate is associated with tissue enrichment in chondroitin sulphate of wide size distribution

Abstract

BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) involves qualitative and quantitative alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) components affecting stromal‐epithelial interactions. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharide components of the ECM whose role in the development of BPH is under investigation. METHODS GAGs were extracted from human prostates of normal and BPH origin and were subsequently fractionated through DEAE‐sephacel anion exchange chromatography. The isolated GAG fractions were identified through electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes and treatment with GAG‐degrading enzymes of known specificity. Their size distribution was determined through gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Isolated prostatic GAGs included hyaluronic acid (HA), heparan sulphate (HS), and a mixture of dermatan sulphate (DS) and chondroitin sulphate (CS). The CS/DS ratio was significantly higher in hyperplastic as compared to normal prostates. A difference was also observed with respect to the apparent molecular mass of the DS‐CS mixture, which reflects the CS enrichment in BPH. GAGs isolated from hyperplastic prostates were more diverse in size as compared to the corresponding glycans from normal prostates. CONCLUSIONS The apparent increase in CS and decrease in DS content in prostates of patients with BPH is in good agreement with the pathological manifestation of increased cell proliferation in hyperplastic prostate tissue, since these glycan molecules have been reported to increase and decrease cell proliferation, respectively. Identification of the responsible enzymes involved in the homeostasis of CS and DS may provide alternative targets for pharmacological intervention. Prostate 44:104–110, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Key participants of the tumor microenvironment of the prostate: An approach of the structural dynamic of cellular elements and extracellular matrix components during epithelial–stromal transition

“…3e). This proteoglycan synthesis turnover was also described in human prostate cancer, with different types being synthesized in the progression to malignant lesions and in rat ventral prostate after diabetes (Kosir and Quinn, 1995;Goulas et al, 2000;Ribeiro et al, 2009).…”

“…A localized variation in arrangement of stroma macromolecules in response to the prostatic lesions may occur in components other than fibrillar ones (Taboga and Vidal, 2003) thus, qualitative and quantitative alterations in glycoprotein components of the ECM affect interactions between the epithelium and stroma (Goulas et al, 2000). Among these glycoproteins are proteoglycans that are important modifiers of cellular proliferation and differentiation, playing leading roles in tissue growth and development, in both normal and neoplastic conditions (Yip et al, 2006).…”

Hyaluronan in aged collagen matrix increases prostate epithelial cell proliferation

“…Far less is known about the influence of HA on prostate hyperplasia. An increase in total HA expression and variability of HA size is a feature of benign prostate disease (De Klerk 1983; Goulas et al 2000; Pullen et al 2001). Given the complex nature of prostate ECM, the use of ECM extracts is particularly advantageous for studies of specific components, such as HA, that influence the behaviors of prostate epithelial cells.…”

Current models of human prostate contractility

“…Establish how extracellular matrices affect function. There is evidence indicating that extracellular matrix protein production is either upregulated with the development of BPH [103][104][105] or does not change. 88 Either way, extracellular matrix has a profound effect upon prostate cell differentiation.…”