Abstract:La celebración durante el año 2015 del Centenario de Roland Barthes (1915-1980) trajo de nuevo a la actualidad un libro singular: el estudio, de J. Benito Fernández, sobre Gide y Barthes, un tema relevante y, sin embargo, poco tratado en la bibliografía sobre la vida y la obra de Roland Barthes. A pesar de que este sitúa a André Gide (1869-1951) en el origen, la motivación y el modelo de su propio trabajo de pensamiento y escritura, se ha indagado y se ha escrito poco sobre esa relación y esa influencia. J. Be… Show more
“…4 4 The paper focuses on the relationship between social capital and the number and productivity of entrepreneurs in the economy. It leaves out the detailed reference to research on how social capital and trust affect economic development (Knack and Keefer, 1997;Zak and Knack, 2001;Alesina and La Ferrara, 2002;Pérez García et al, 2006;Akçomak and ter Weel, 2009; Peiró-Palomino and Tortosa-Ausina, 2015).…”
Section: Management Cost Size Diseconomies and Social Capitalmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The methodology used in the calculation of the IVE social capital index follows the economic approach proposed by Glaeser et al (2002). It is explained in detail in Pérez García et al (2006), according to which, social capital is a stock that varies year by year by the net flow resulting from new investment in year t, and depreciation of the existing stock also in year t. The complication lies in the search for the right proxy variables to calculate the flow of new investment, and the depreciation rate. In the Appendix we provide more detailed explanation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the IVIE social capital measure.…”
Section: Data Sources and Variablesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the original methodological paper (Pérez García et al, 2006), the analytical formalization of the individual investment problem and the aggregation to get the social capital of the economy-territory as a public good that facilitates the use of implicit contracts in transactions are summarized in two equations, the first order condition of the optimal individual investment, and the aggregation to the stock of capital services of the economy (public good):…”
Section: Appendix: the Ivie Index Of Social Capitalmentioning
With an incomplete panel data from 63 countries over 25 years this paper finds that the average number of employees per entrepreneur increases with the countries' levels of social capital. This evidence is in line with predictions from occupational choice models, where the equilibrium average size of firms increases with lower internal costs of growth, when social capital supported trust reduces these costs facilitating the delegation of decision power in firms. We also find that the influence of social capital in self‐employed rates differs if the self‐employed have employees or not so entrepreneurs should be treated as a heterogeneous group.
“…4 4 The paper focuses on the relationship between social capital and the number and productivity of entrepreneurs in the economy. It leaves out the detailed reference to research on how social capital and trust affect economic development (Knack and Keefer, 1997;Zak and Knack, 2001;Alesina and La Ferrara, 2002;Pérez García et al, 2006;Akçomak and ter Weel, 2009; Peiró-Palomino and Tortosa-Ausina, 2015).…”
Section: Management Cost Size Diseconomies and Social Capitalmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The methodology used in the calculation of the IVE social capital index follows the economic approach proposed by Glaeser et al (2002). It is explained in detail in Pérez García et al (2006), according to which, social capital is a stock that varies year by year by the net flow resulting from new investment in year t, and depreciation of the existing stock also in year t. The complication lies in the search for the right proxy variables to calculate the flow of new investment, and the depreciation rate. In the Appendix we provide more detailed explanation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the IVIE social capital measure.…”
Section: Data Sources and Variablesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the original methodological paper (Pérez García et al, 2006), the analytical formalization of the individual investment problem and the aggregation to get the social capital of the economy-territory as a public good that facilitates the use of implicit contracts in transactions are summarized in two equations, the first order condition of the optimal individual investment, and the aggregation to the stock of capital services of the economy (public good):…”
Section: Appendix: the Ivie Index Of Social Capitalmentioning
With an incomplete panel data from 63 countries over 25 years this paper finds that the average number of employees per entrepreneur increases with the countries' levels of social capital. This evidence is in line with predictions from occupational choice models, where the equilibrium average size of firms increases with lower internal costs of growth, when social capital supported trust reduces these costs facilitating the delegation of decision power in firms. We also find that the influence of social capital in self‐employed rates differs if the self‐employed have employees or not so entrepreneurs should be treated as a heterogeneous group.
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