Benjamin Franklin's pictorial representations of the British colonies in America: A study in rhetorical iconology

Olson, Lester C.

doi:10.1080/00335638709383792

Cited by 20 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The study utilizes McGee's (1980) defining characteristics of an ideograph expanded to encompass visual instantiations of the concept, as well as Enck-Wanzer's (2012) expansion of the concept to social imaginaries for reconstituted groups. For icons, it relies on Olson's (1987) definition: "a visual representation so as to designate a type of image that is palpable in manifest form and denotative in function" (p. 38). For the institutional definitions illustrating doctrinal constraints, it builds on Damanhoury's (2021) insight that ISIS's visual media campaign stands in opposition to the definition of a state agreed to by nations attending the 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States held by the International Conference on American States.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting representative form in ISIS media: How emerging collectives reconstitute communities in the 21st century

Winkler

2022

Front. Commun.

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This study reconsiders the concepts of representative form and visual ideographs in the context of collectives-in-formation heavily reliant on the online environment to communicate with global audiences. Focusing on the online media products of ISIS, the study conducts a quantitative content analysis of over 9,000 images that the group distributed from 2014 to 2020, coupled with a qualitative assessment of the group's religious and institutional contexts. The findings add to current understandings of how reconstituted communities develop visual ideographs by showing how predictable constellations of iconic and non-iconic compositional elements combine to create representative forms and how non-parodied images can also function as ideographs. The study also documents that ISIS uses differential language-based targeting strategies for visual ideographs and demonstrates how institutional definitions can serve as critical intervening variables for understanding the reinforcing relationship that can exist between icons and verbal ideographs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting representative form in ISIS media: How emerging collectives reconstitute communities in the 21st century

Winkler

2022

Front. Commun.

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2012

A Companion to Benjamin Franklin

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The Animated Persuader

Moss

2007

APSC

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Media are not politically neutral and political cartoons are no exception. Political viewpoints can be made clear through explicit argumentation, and through the more implicit use of visual elements. One prominent example that unites argumentation with the visual to produce political persuasion is America's first political cartoon, created by Benjamin Franklin in 1754, which frames the socio-political climate of the time with an image urging the British colonies to “Join, or Die” (Katz 2004, 44). The themes of political cartoons, despite technological progress, remain unaltered by way of their continual incorporation of “domestic politics, social themes and foreign affairs” (Kemnitz 1973, 83). While members of the academic community, such as Lester C. Olson (1987), support this connection between cartooning and persuasive rhetoric, there is much we don't know about how the persuasive arguments within political cartoons work.

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Benjamin Franklin's pictorial representations of the British colonies in America: A study in rhetorical iconology

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Revisiting representative form in ISIS media: How emerging collectives reconstitute communities in the 21st century

Revisiting representative form in ISIS media: How emerging collectives reconstitute communities in the 21st century

Bibliography

The Animated Persuader

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