Benzalkonium Chloride–Induced Denervation of Orbicularis Oculi Muscle in Rabbits

Francis, Brian A.; Weiland, James D.; Sachs, Nicholas A.; Chang, Edmund K. M.

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10792

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

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“…Extraocular muscles involved in movement of the eyelids include the levator superior palpebrae and orbicularis oculi 219 , 229 , 230 , 231 , 232 , 233 , as well as the depressor palpebrae inferioris (present in rabbits but not in most other mammalian species) 220 , 234 , 235 ( Table 55…”

Section: Section 16: Special Sensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rabbit

et al. 2021

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The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand. asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most tissues and organs from the laboratory rabbit used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.

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Section: Section 16: Special Sensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rabbit

et al. 2021

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The relation of discrete stimuli can be integrated despite the failure of conscious identification

2018

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Benzalkonium Chloride–Induced Denervation of Orbicularis Oculi Muscle in Rabbits

Abstract: BAK causes denervation when injected into the OOM in rabbits. The clinical relevance of this finding may be the onset of lagophthalmos and eyelid retraction in patients with chronic BAK exposure.

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rabbit

International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rabbit

The relation of discrete stimuli can be integrated despite the failure of conscious identification

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