Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, m & p -Xylene, o -Xylene Diffusion and Sorption for a Geosynthetic Clay Liner at Two Temperatures

Landfill Base Liners: Assessment of Material Equivalency and Impact to Groundwater

“…Measured values of diffusion coefficient in geosynthetic clay, D GCL , are not significantly different than those in clay (Rowe 1998;Rowe et al 2005), with the exception of a lower value (3.5 9 10 -11 m 2 /s) reported for chloride by Lake and Rowe (2000). Similarly to compacted clay, the same value of diffusion coefficient was used in the calculations for both leachate constituents.…”

A review of the performance of geosynthetics for environmental protection

“…The sorption isotherms are linear for VOCs and the sorption coefficients range from 7 to 20 mL/ g for 1,2-dichloroethane, 79e102 mL/g for trichloroethylene, 20e41 mL/g for benzene, 87e135 mL/g for toluene, 229e248 mL/g for ethylbenzene, 263e298 mL/g for m&p-xylene, and 163e192 mL/g for o-xylene. These values were obtained at 22 C. Rowe et al (2005) showed that diffusion and sorption depend on temperature and that both parameters are lower at 7 C than at 22 C for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m&p-xylene, and oxylene. Ahari et al (2011) studied the sorption of 13 phenolic compounds: phenol, o-cresol, p-cresol, 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4-dimethylphenol (2,4-DMP), 3,4-dimethylphenol (3,4-DMP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,5,6-TeCP), 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TeCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and bisphenol A (BPA).…”

“…Note that "finite mass" refers to the fact that the concentration changes in time at both boundaries because of mass transfer through the GCL and sampling for the measurements. The sorption coefficient K d is first determined from batch adsorption measurements (Lake and Rowe, 2004;Rowe et al, 2005;Ganne et al, 2008;Ahari et al, 2011). Based on knowledge of the sorption coefficients of the various components of a GCL (geotextiles, geotextile fibers in the bentonite, bentonite), an equivalent sorption coefficient K deq for the entire GCL may be calculated by using the method suggested by Rowe et al (2005), which accounts for sorption in the geotextile, the bentonite, and geotextiles fibers in the bentonite.…”

“…The adsorption onto polypropylene and polyester was less significant but still non-negligible (15% of the initial mass of pesticide in water for isoproturon and 30% for azoxystrobin). Lake and Rowe (2004), Rowe et al (2005), and Ganne et al (2008) addressed the potential for geotextiles to retain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from GCLs. The sorption isotherms are linear for VOCs and the sorption coefficients range from 7 to 20 mL/ g for 1,2-dichloroethane, 79e102 mL/g for trichloroethylene, 20e41 mL/g for benzene, 87e135 mL/g for toluene, 229e248 mL/g for ethylbenzene, 263e298 mL/g for m&p-xylene, and 163e192 mL/g for o-xylene.…”

Engineering applications of organic surfactant modified bentonite in sorptive soil barriers.

“…As a result, the kinematic energy of dissolved contaminant compounds increases which increases the level of interaction between sorbent and sorbate. Rowe et al (2005) derived the same conclusion for the sorption of benzene to Na-bentonite.…”