Benzodiazepines and risk of death: Results from two large cohort studies in France and UK

Palmaro, Aurore; Dupouy, Julie; Lapeyre‐Mestre, Maryse

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.07.006

Cited by 67 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Data provided by Palmaro et al 14 and Chung et al 15 expanded the hints in the other large epidemiologic studies 16– 18 that short-term hypnotic usage has surprisingly high risks: apparently short-term hypnotic use has higher risks than long-term usage on a per dose or per-unit-time basis. It is logical that for a patient with an “overdose” of common contributory factors such as aging, obesity, sleep apnea, alcohol overuse, and opiate use, even a single hypnotic dose could be lethal on the first night of consumption.…”

Section: Risks Of Hypnotic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…It should be noted that Weich et al 17 and Palmaro et al 14 found significant hazard ratios associated with diazepam and other benzodiazepines that are not considered hypnotics (though tranquilizer benzodiazepines may often be used for sleep). These more modern data with better drug identification and measurements of prescriptions during follow-up must be considered more reliable, but neither “Valium” nor “Librium” had been associated with excess mortality in the previous large U.S. CPSII study 19 .…”

Section: Risks Of Hypnotic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixing weakens the risk-ratio contrasts observed. In long follow-ups, one is also studying the selected survivors of the more marked short-term risks that have been recently described 14, 15 .…”

Section: Risks Of Hypnotic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this large study, both French and British case-control samples were drawn from reasonably-representative national samples 14 . Results had many similarities to those of Weich et al 17 despite numerous differences in statistical design.…”

Section: Risks Of Hypnotic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypnotic drug risks of mortality, infection, depression, and cancer: but lack of benefit

Kripke

2016

F1000Res

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This is a review of hypnotic drug risks and benefits, reassessing and updating advice presented to the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (United States FDA). Almost every month, new information appears about the risks of hypnotics (sleeping pills). This review includes new information on the growing USA overdose epidemic, eight new epidemiologic studies of hypnotics’ mortality not available for previous compilations, and new emphasis on risks of short-term hypnotic prescription. The most important risks of hypnotics include excess mortality, especially overdose deaths, quiet deaths at night, infections, cancer, depression and suicide, automobile crashes, falls, and other accidents, and hypnotic-withdrawal insomnia. The short-term use of one-two prescriptions is associated with greater risk per dose than long-term use. Hypnotics are usually prescribed without approved indication, most often with specific contraindications, but even when indicated, there is little or no benefit. The recommended doses objectively increase sleep little if at all, daytime performance is often made worse, not better, and the lack of general health benefits is commonly misrepresented in advertising. Treatments such as the cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia and bright light treatment of circadian rhythm disorders might offer safer and more effective alternative approaches to insomnia.

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Section: Risks Of Hypnotic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Risks Of Hypnotic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risks Of Hypnotic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risks Of Hypnotic Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hypnotic drug risks of mortality, infection, depression, and cancer: but lack of benefit

Kripke

2016

F1000Res

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“…A higher estimate of 76,227 for 2014 self-injury deaths included overdoses that might have been accidental or cause-undetermined 2 . The overdose rate continued to rise in 2015 3 . Likewise, U.S. use of hypnotics dramatically increased over most of the same interval until about 2012 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypnotic drug risks of mortality, infection, depression, and cancer: but lack of benefit

Kripke

2017

F1000Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This is a review of hypnotic drug risks and benefits, reassessing and updating advice presented to the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (United States FDA). Almost every month, new information appears about the risks of hypnotics (sleeping pills). The most important risks of hypnotics include excess mortality, especially overdose deaths, quiet deaths at night, infections, cancer, depression and suicide, automobile crashes, falls, and other accidents, and hypnotic-withdrawal insomnia. Short-term use of one-two prescriptions is associated with greater risk per dose than long-term use. Hypnotics have usually been prescribed without approved indication, most often with specific contraindications, but even when indicated, there is little or no benefit. The recommended doses objectively increase sleep little if at all, daytime performance is often made worse, not better, and the lack of general health benefits is commonly misrepresented in advertising. Treatments such as the cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia and bright light treatment of circadian rhythm disorders offer safer and more effective alternative approaches to insomnia.

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Prescribing in Older People

2021

The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry

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The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of most drugs are altered to an important extent in older people. Older people often have a number of concurrent illnesses and may require treatment with several drugs. Older people may be more prone to develop serious adverse effects such as agranulocytosis and neutropenia with clozapine, stroke with antipsychotic drugs and bleeding with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. This chapter summarizes guidance for discontinuation of dementia medication in clinical practice. People with dementia are more susceptible to cognitive side effects of drugs. Medications prescribed for physical disorders may interact with cognitive‐enhancing medication. The evidence for efficacy of antidepressants in behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia is mixed and limited showing that antidepressants are most helpful for treating agitation and less so for depression, apathy, anxiety or psychosis in dementia. The chapter deals with covert medication provision within UK law only. In mental health settings it is common for patients to refuse medication.

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Benzodiazepines and risk of death: Results from two large cohort studies in France and UK

Cited by 67 publications

References 36 publications

Hypnotic drug risks of mortality, infection, depression, and cancer: but lack of benefit

Hypnotic drug risks of mortality, infection, depression, and cancer: but lack of benefit

Hypnotic drug risks of mortality, infection, depression, and cancer: but lack of benefit

Prescribing in Older People

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