Benzoic Acid and Derivatives

Maki, Takao; Takeda, Kazuo

doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_555

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Benzoic acid (C 6 H 5 COOH) is a naturally occurring phenolic acid, commonly used as additive to foods and feeds. The major applications of benzoic acid in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries are in the forms of its sodium and potassium salts (C 6 H 5 COONa and C 6 H 5 COOK, respectively) when sodium benzoate is commonly used as preservative and anti-corrosive agent (Maki & Takeda, 2000). Pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxybenxene) is a phenolic allelochemical and is synthesized by plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorative effects of ethanolic constituents of Bangladeshi propolis against tetracycline‐induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats

et al. 2019

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The study reports the phenolic composition of propolis from Bangladesh and its ameliorative effects against tetracycline‐induced hepatonephrotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar Albino rats (n = 18) were randomly divided into three following groups: (1) normal control, (2) tetracycline‐treatment (200 mg kg−1 rat−1), and (3) tetracycline (200 mg kg−1 rat−1) + propolis (100 mg kg−1 rat−1) treatments. The ethanolic extract of propolis contained major phenolic acids as well as a flavonoid, rutin. Oral exposure to tetracycline caused severe hepatic and renal damage as indicated by significant alterations in liver marker enzymes in rat serum: bilirubin and protein concentrations, lipid profile, and markers of kidney function when compared with controls. The observed biochemical perturbations were accompanied by histopathological changes. Co‐administration with propolis extract, however, prevented the changes in biochemical parameters, as revealed by maintenance of cell membrane integrity and regulation of lipid profile and the conservation of the histoarchitecture. Practical applications Propolis is a resinous honeybee product which is becoming increasingly popular due to its potential contributions to human health. The phenolic compounds identified in propolis from Bangladesh were effective against tetracycline‐induced hepatic and renal toxicity. Propolis may be a promising natural product in reducing the effects of chronic liver and kidney damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorative effects of ethanolic constituents of Bangladeshi propolis against tetracycline‐induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats

et al. 2019

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“…Aminobenzoates p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and its derivatives are commonly used as ultraviolet-B filters in cosmetic sunscreens. PABA also has applications as cross-linking agent for polyurethane resins and dyes [125]. Its derivative ethyl PABA (anesthesin) is a local anesthetic of low toxicity used in dentistry, and potassium PABA (Potaba) has applications in pharmacy due to its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activities.…”

Section: Indicanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2-Aminobenzoic acid (anthranilic acid) is an intermediate in the production of the artificial sweetener saccharin [126] and can also act as a non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for metallic materials [127]. In addition, anthranilic acid esters are widely employed for the synthesis of azo dyes, pharmaceuticals (e.g., loop diuretics and fenamates), perfumes, and potential insect repellents [125,128].…”

Section: Indicanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for the production of biochemicals in bioenergy crops

Lin

Eudes

2020

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Industrial crops are grown to produce goods for manufacturing. Rather than food and feed, they supply raw materials for making biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and specialty chemicals, as well as feedstocks for fabricating fiber, biopolymer, and construction materials. Therefore, such crops offer the potential to reduce our dependency on petrochemicals that currently serve as building blocks for manufacturing the majority of our industrial and consumer products. In this review, we are providing examples of metabolites synthesized in plants that can be used as bio-based platform chemicals for partial replacement of their petroleum-derived counterparts. Plant metabolic engineering approaches aiming at increasing the content of these metabolites in biomass are presented. In particular, we emphasize on recent advances in the manipulation of the shikimate and isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways, both of which being the source of multiple valuable compounds. Implementing and optimizing engineered metabolic pathways for accumulation of coproducts in bioenergy crops may represent a valuable option for enhancing the commercial value of biomass and attaining sustainable lignocellulosic biorefineries.

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“…Further decomposition of isopropyl phenol via methane abstraction account for the formation of p-ethyl phenol and p-methyl phenol, while their dihydroxylation explains the formation of isopropyl benzene (observed in traces), ethyl benzene and toluene. The latter product is of particular importance in terms of concentration in the mixtures, especially in EP/DOPO-POSS at high loading, as well as a precursor for the production of benzonitrile, as a product of the well-known reaction of toluene with ammonia [53]. However, it is worth noting benzonitrile may also be obtained by the high temperature reaction of Benzene o biphenyl with hydrogen cyanide [54,55].…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR and GCMS analysis of epoxy resin decomposition products feeding the flame during UL 94 standard flammability test. Application to the understanding of the blowing-out effect in epoxy/polyhedral silsesquioxane formulations

Zhang

Fina

Ferraro

et al. 2018

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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A novel method was developed for the sampling of volatiles produces by polymer decomposition during UL94 standard flammability tests, allowing to collect, separate and analyze the precise composition of the fuel mixture feeding the flame in the real flammability tests. The system was validated on epoxy resin/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and found extremely informative for the understanding of the flame retardancy mechanisms of POSS, previously referred to as the "blowing-out effect". Collected products were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, to identify the gaseous and liquid decomposition products, allowing to depict a comprehensive decomposition pathway for the epoxy resin. Lightweight volatiles, gaseous at room temperature, showed limited differences as a function of DOPO-POSS, whereas mixtures of liquid products evidenced for dramatic changes in the relative concentration as a function of DOPO-POSS. In pristine epoxy resin, the most abundant products were recognized as benzene, phenol, naphthalene and toluene, along with several tens of other aromatic products observed in lower amounts. The presence of DOPO-POSS at low concentration (2.5%) radically changes the composition of the aromatic volatiles mixture, as no significant amount of benzene is produced, while phenol becomes the main product, accounting for about half of the total, isopropyl phenol and bisphenol A, along with several tens of other products in lower concentrations. Such modification of the fuel mixture feeding the flame provided an explanation for the lower flammability of this formulation, as well as for the phenomenology of the blowing out effect.Keywords: epoxy resin decomposition mechanism; DOPO-POSS; blowing-out effect; sampling of volatiles during flame test, fuel mixture in flammability tests

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Benzoic Acid and Derivatives

Cited by 53 publications

References 24 publications

Ameliorative effects of ethanolic constituents of Bangladeshi propolis against tetracycline‐induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats

Ameliorative effects of ethanolic constituents of Bangladeshi propolis against tetracycline‐induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats

Strategies for the production of biochemicals in bioenergy crops

FTIR and GCMS analysis of epoxy resin decomposition products feeding the flame during UL 94 standard flammability test. Application to the understanding of the blowing-out effect in epoxy/polyhedral silsesquioxane formulations

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