BER and Channel Capacity Performance of an FSO Communication System over Atmospheric Turbulence with Different Types of Noise

Xu, Zixuan; Xu, Guanjun; Zheng, Zhengqi

doi:10.3390/s21103454

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The connection may be disrupted if it rains heavily. Rain attenuation, however, has little effect when compared to fog [19], [20], [21]. In fog, attenuation occurs due to suspended ice droplets in the air and visibility reduced to less than a Km with 100% relative humidity.…”

Section: A Atmospheric Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Analysis of Free Space Communication System Using Machine Learning

2023

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Free space optical (FSO) communication offers huge bandwidth, license-free spectrum and a more secure channel. PIN diodes are normally used for detection, but avalanche photodiodes (APD) are preferred for detecting high-speed FSO signals in many applications. In the case of APD, the noise distribution is input-dependent Gaussian noise (IDGN) rather than input-independent Gaussian noise (IIGN). We investigate the error analysis using on-off keying (OOK) for various detection approaches. This paper proposes a machine learning approach and compares its performance with soft and hard decisions. Soft values in the case of IDGN and IIGN are derived, and the optimum and sub-optimum detection thresholds are evaluated. The proposed novel ML approach shows better performance gains than the other approaches. It is also demonstrated that the IDGN model should have an optimum detection and achieve a gain of 2.5[dB] and about 1[dB] at λ = 0[dB] and λ = 10[dB], respectively. Experimental results are plotted for the FSO channel data, and a model fit curve is plotted using the ML approach.INDEX TERMS Error analysis, machine learning, optical communications, hard decision, soft decision.

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Section: A Atmospheric Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Analysis of Free Space Communication System Using Machine Learning

2023

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“…The conditional BER for BPSK SISO FSOC links in terms of the Meijer G function and in the absence of atmospheric turbulence is presented in [65] as:…”

Section: Moderate To Strong Atmospheric Turbulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Scintillation Effects on Free Space Optical Communication Links in South Africa

2022

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The performance of free space optical communication (FSOC) systems is severely degraded by certain atmospheric conditions prevalent in places where they are deployed, in spite of their numerous advantages. In clear weather conditions, the random fluctuation in the atmosphere’s refractive index causes substantial scintillation losses to transmitted optical signals. It is therefore imperative to estimate the potential losses due to atmospheric turbulence in locations where FSOC links are to be deployed. This will provide the necessary fade margin for FSOC systems so that designed links withstand such atmospheric disturbances. In this paper, statistical analysis of wind speed data collected for various cities of South Africa is used for calculating the corresponding refractive index structure parameter (Cn2). These Cn2 values, as well as the zero inner scale and infinite outer scale model and finite inner and finite outer scale model, are used in computing the scintillation indices not exceeding 50%, 99%, 99.9%, and 99.99% of the time for the investigated locations. The Lognormal and Gamma–gamma distribution models are then employed for the computational analysis of the irradiance fluctuations and channel characteristics while considering the effect of pointing errors for weak and moderate to strong turbulence regimes. Finally, derived mathematical expressions for outage probabilities and bit error rate (BER) performances for FSOC links, employing various intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) schemes, are presented.

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“…It is important to study the factors that affect the sensitivity of OOK receivers. Researchers have conducted many simulations on the impact of atmospheric turbulence on OOK systems, providing some solutions [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. In addition to atmospheric turbulence, ambient light (AL) is an important factor in OOK FSO systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Deterioration of Free-Space Optical Coherent/Non-Coherent OOK Modulation Receiver by Ambient Light Noise

Ren

Sun

Cong

et al. 2023

Sensors

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In free-space optical (FSO) communication systems, on–off keying (OOK) is a widely used modulation format. Coherent and non-coherent OOK receivers with sensitivities of −54.60 dBm and −51.25 dBm, respectively, were built with a communication rate of 1 Gbit/s and a bit error rate of 10−3. In an FSO communication system, the parameters must be designed to ensure a sufficient link margin. In contrast to optical fiber systems, FSO systems have ambient light (AL) noise such as sunlight. The efficiency of sunlight coupling in the single-mode fiber (SMF) of the receivers was calculated in this study. For a signal light with AL, the change in the main components of noise and the sensitivity deterioration were theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified in conditions of coherent reception and non-coherent reception with a preamplifier. For coherent reception, the theoretical sensitivity deterioration results are consistent with the experimental results which indicate that coherent reception exhibits better anti-AL noise performance than non-coherent reception when the power spectral density of the AL is the same. Coherent and non-coherent receivers coupled with SMF can work in direct sunlight. When the receiver lens diameter is greater than 4.88 × 10−4 m, the anti-AL noise performance of the receiver can be improved by increasing the receiver lens diameter.

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BER and Channel Capacity Performance of an FSO Communication System over Atmospheric Turbulence with Different Types of Noise

Cited by 50 publications

References 29 publications

Error Analysis of Free Space Communication System Using Machine Learning

Error Analysis of Free Space Communication System Using Machine Learning

Analysis of Scintillation Effects on Free Space Optical Communication Links in South Africa

Sensitivity Deterioration of Free-Space Optical Coherent/Non-Coherent OOK Modulation Receiver by Ambient Light Noise

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