�ber das Antherentapetum mit besonderer Ber�cksichtigung seiner Kernzahl

Microsporogenesis and anther development in Bromeliaceae

“…Bromeliaceae are unusual for Poales in that the tapetal cells are secretory at early stages, but tend to invade the anther locule when the microsporocytes enter meiosis, characterising a possible intermediate type, as also occurs in some Zingiberales (Wunderlich 1954, Furness & Rudall 1998. These results are in accordance with Furness & Rudall's (1998) observation for Aechmea but differ from Wunderlich (1954), who described a plasmodial tapetum for Bromeliaceae. Orbicules (small sporopollenin bodies) may be present in anthers of Bromeliaceae; these are usually associated with secretory tapeta (Huysmans et al 1998).…”

“…Previous investigations on these aspects are limited in Bromeliaceae. Microsporogenesis was described as successive in several genera (Palm 1920, Stenar 1925, Schnarf 1931) and the tapetum as plasmodial or possibly invasive (Wunderlich 1954, Furness & Rudall 1998 although it was described as secretory by Dahlgren et al (1985).…”

Pollen structure and development in Nymphaeales: Insights into character evolution in an ancient angiosperm lineage

“…Tapetum diversity in early‐divergent lineages of angiosperms is potentially greatly underestimated. Many of the reports of tapetum type in these taxa date back to large surveys that only used light microscopy (e.g., Clausen, 1927; Schnarf, 1931; Wunderlich, 1954; see Furness and Rudall, 2001 for additional references). Even in more recent studies, tapetum type is typically categorized into one of a few “types,” with ontogeny rarely described in detail or documented in published images, making it difficult to identify intermediate or transitional types of tapetum development.…”

Repeated evolution of tricellular (and bicellular) pollen

“…Secondary sources were used only when the primary source for a particular species could be verified (Schnarf, 1939;Maheshwari. 1950, Wunderlich, 1954Davis, 1966, Yakovlev, 1981Johri et al, 1992). Among primary sources, several covered large numbers of species within a group (Araceae [Grayum, 1986], Euphorbiaceae [Webster and Rupert, 1973;Webster et al, 1982], Lamiaceae [Leitner, 1942], Rubiaceae [Mathew and Philip, 1986;Puff, 1993], Saxifragaceae [Zhang and Gornall, 2011]), within a region (Japan [Shibata and Konishi, 1990], New Zealand [Gardner, 1975], or from local sources (Corriveau and Coleman, 1988;Saito et al, 2002;Torabinejad et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 2003).…”