BER estimation for all-optical regenerators influenced by pattern effects

Abstract

Abstract-An efficient method is presented for the estimation of the bit-error rate (BER) of a system employing all-optical regenerators influenced by pattern effects. We theoretically study noise accumulation and noise redistribution in long distance transmission systems employing a delayed interference signal wavelength converter for all-optical regeneration. The BER is studied for return-to-zero signals at bit rates of 2.5 Gb/s (no patterning) up to 40 Gb/s (strong patterning). The calculation of the BER is based on pattern dependent transfer functions, which may be obtained numerically or measured.

Statistic numerical analysis of all-optically regenerated transmission system: how to keep high strictness and simplicity at the same time

“…The pattern effect of the all-optical regenerator, which has been discussed in Ref. 3, would be also taken into account by relatively a simple extension of the present analysis method, as it will be reported in future elsewhere.…”

“…The integral of overlap between PDFs of mark and space levels corresponds to the error probability of the transmitted signal. As an insignificant addition, the error probability is referred to as "bit-error rate (or ratio, BER)" in several previous reports [3,4,5], but the "error probability" is the term that is more suitable in the case of statistic analyses, partly because time-dependent issues are not involved in such theoretical treatments while "bit" is the term that is apparently time-dependent, and partly because the receiver performance is not taken into account. Although the above two equations are quite simple, the following four points are important for ensuring high stringency: (a) The convolution integral in Eq.…”

“…In spite of extensive experimental approaches, only a few attempts have been reported for analytical analyses [1,2,3,4,5], but the former analytical approaches lack either strictness or simplicity. For example, Refs.…”

Noise and Regeneration in Semiconductor Waveguides With Saturable Gain and Absorption

“…We have used two different methods to estimate the regeneration capability of the SOA-EA cascades, the static transfer function and the small-signal analysis. For the static case, the model presented in [14] and [15] was used. The pdfs for marks and spaces are assumed to be known initially and Gaussian noise, representing spontaneous emission for the SOAs, is then added for each link.…”

“…Assuming a transfer function giving the output power in terms of the input power allows a simple calculation of the pdfs of the output signal in terms of the pdf of the input signal. In order to analyze the nonlinear properties but still limit the calculation effort and time, even for a large number of cascaded devices, the devices can be represented by their static transfer functions and the noise redistribution is thus easily calculated for a large number of cascaded devices [14], [15]. By using partially linear transfer properties in an adequate way, the calculations can be simplified and give relevant results, for both wavelength converters [16] and regenerators [17].…”