Berechnung der Besetzungsdichte und Ausgangsleistung von Ionenlasern

Herziger, G.; Seelig, W.

doi:10.1007/bf01379758

Cited by 48 publications

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“…Am Beispiel des Ar II-4p ~ 4s-Lasers wurde ein theoretisches Modell entwickelt, mit dem Besetzungsdichten und Strahlungsleistungen der Lasertiberg~inge als Funktion direkt mel3barer Gr6Ben (Strom, Spanhung, Rohrdurchmesser, F~lldruck) der Gasentladung berechnet werden k6nnen [1]. Die Voraussagen des Modells wurden durch das Experiment best~itigt.…”

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Temperaturen in Ionenlaserplasmen

1973

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Temperatures of Ion Laser PlasmasPlasma temperatures of tbe wall-stabilized low pressure Ar-arc, which has been optimized for maximum inversion density of the Ar II 4p-4 s laser transitions (i.e. k T e ~ 4 eV), have been determined experimentally and compared with literature data. Ion temperature is obtained from the Doppler linewidths of Ar II transitions, which have been measured both spectroscopically and indirectly by measuring the gain of the 4880/~ laser line. Neutral temperature is obtained from the Doppler linewidths of Ar-I-transitions and by relating fill pressure and calculated values of the corresponding gas density.Ion-and neutral temperature are reported to reach values of Ti~ 30000 K and Ta--~25000 K, respectively. In the range under present concern (kTe_~4eV, 15

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Temperaturen in Ionenlaserplasmen

1973

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“…This has in fact be verified by theoretical modeling in agreement with a number of experiments performed with noble-gas lasers [68Her,67Boe,67Bei,67Gor,65Lab,66Rud]. In the case of predominant stepwise excitation the number of lasing atoms P L generated per unit time in the unit volume of the active medium rises quadratically with the electron density n e , and the output power per unit length Φ may be written as if quenching of inversion is neglected.…”

Section: Excitation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…High-power radiation of several ten watts has been generated continuously from many ionic transitions excited in highly ionized low-pressure arc discharges [66Paa,71Bri,69Her,70Boe,74Aki,76Lue1,76Bur,77Lue1,73Alf,68Her,86Apo]. Among these, the argon ion laser with continuous emission up to 0.5 kW in the visible is the most prominent.…”

Section: Excitation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The behavior of the Ar II 4p-4s transitions turns out to be typical for most of the ion laser transitions in noble gases and metal vapors, respectively. In theoretical and experimental investigations [68Her,69Her] the Ar II laser has therefore been studied as a model for continuous ion lasers in general.…”

Section: Excitation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of predominant stepwise excitation the number of lasing atoms P L generated per unit time in the unit volume of the active medium rises quadratically with the electron density n e , and the output power per unit length Φ may be written as if quenching of inversion is neglected. Maximum pumping rates P L for Ar II laser levels have been calculated [68Her,75Lue] to occur for neutral gas densities N according to…”

Section: Excitation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3.4 Ion lasers and metal vapor lasers

Seelig

Laser Systems, Part 1

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Since the first ion laser was built in 1964 [64Bel, 00Bri], several hundreds ion laser transitions in the visible and near UV spectral range have been reported [66Bri]. Generation of these ion transitions requires low-pressure arc discharges containing noble gases or metal vapors to provide electron densities exceeding 10 13 cm −3 . The corresponding high threshold current densities for ion laser excitation of more than 100 A cm −2 mostly permit only quasi-cw pulsed mode operation. The spectral range of ion lasers is the largest of all lasers, down to the X-ray region if high-Z ions are considered. Although the pump power densities increase rapidly with the laser frequency and other excitation methods must be used, some similarities to visible-range ion lasers are present. This review is restricted to classical visible and near-ultraviolet ion lasers. These are commercial systems and, in particular, noble gas ion lasers with high continuous power levels.Historically ion lasers and metal vapor lasers are closely related. The first metal vapor laser was the optically pumped cw Cs laser. [62Rab]. Difficulties with alkali metals and high temperatures have stimulated the search of other potential laser media, e.g. Hg with well-established lamp technology. So the first gas discharge metal vapor laser was a Hg I laser [63Rid]. The first gas ion laser invented by Bell [64Bel] also used mercury, the first laser with doubly ionized Hg was demonstrated by Gerritson and Goedetier [64Ger]. More important was the discovery of the continuous 488 nm Ar ion laser action in Ar-Hg-mixture discharges by Bridges et al [64Bri]. The He-Hg + laser inspired Fowler and Silfvast to the search for new laser transitions in other He-metal discharges. A result was the continuous He-Cd + laser, a successful commercial metal vapor laser [66Sil]. The discovery of the Cu I and Au I laser, another type of metal vapor laser, by Walter et al. [66Wal1,66Wal2] in 1965 has started the very successful development of self-terminating resonancemetastable metal vapor lasers with repetitively pulsed metal-noble-gas low-pressure discharges. The Cu I laser is the most powerful, efficient, and best developed metal vapor laser. Oscillating on the Cu I transitions at 510.6 nm and 578.2 nm wavelength, average output powers of up to 500 W have been demonstrated from oscillators. Commercial lasers are available with output powers of up to 120 W at an efficiency of 1 %. Typical laser pulses have 10 . . . 100 ns in duration at pulse repetition rates of up to 200 kHz with peak powers of up to several hundred kW.Different metal vapor lasers are the subjects for a few thousand contributions in the scientific literature. In a comprehensive book C.E. Little [99Lit] gives a current review. This contribution is concentrated on commercially available laser systems. Therefore, the last part is restricted to the copper vapor laser, representing the class of self-terminating metal vapor high-power lasers.Landolt-Börnstein New Series VIII/1B1

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Die Theorie der Freifallsäule unter Berücksichtigung der „Neutralgasaufzehrung”︁ durch die Ionisationsvorgänge und ihre Anwendung auf Edelgas‐Ionen‐Laser

Valentini¹

1972

Contrib Plasma Phys

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A theory for low pressure discharges taking into account the finite mean free path of the neutral atoms for ionization is developed. The spatial distributions of the electric potential, the charged particle density, the neutral gas density, the charged particle generation, and for the ion gas the transverse particle flux, the drift velocity, the energy density and the transverse energy flux are calculated using a simplified model of the steady-state axially homogeneous free-falltypedischargea. It is shown that increasing electric power input decreases the neutralgas density in the column. Moreover, the electron temperature depends not only on the filling pressure and the column radius, but also on the electric power input and the wall temperature. A theoretical description of the proceases causing the limitations of the electron temperature, the ion wall flux, the discharge current and the degree of ionization as well as the saturation of the output power of cw noble gas ion lasers, and the slightly falling current-voltagecharacteristic for high discharge current is derived from basic equations and the boundary conditiona of the discharge.Some of the reaults are:The upper limit of the ion wall flux is determined by the filling pressure, the wall temperature and the atomic mass of the filling gas. The upper limit of the electric power input into the column depends on the maximum ion wall flux and the maximum electron temperature. The maximum degree of ionization is proportional to the square root of the quotient of the wall temperature and the electron temperature. The laser power output passes through a maximum with increasing electron temperature. For high densities of the discharge current the electron temperature increases slightly while the axial electric field intensity decreases weakly with rising discharge current. Furthermore, the influence of an axial magnetic field on the electron temperature. and the electron density is investigated shortly.

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Berechnung der Besetzungsdichte und Ausgangsleistung von Ionenlasern

Cited by 48 publications

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Temperaturen in Ionenlaserplasmen

Temperaturen in Ionenlaserplasmen

3.4 Ion lasers and metal vapor lasers

Die Theorie der Freifallsäule unter Berücksichtigung der „Neutralgasaufzehrung”︁ durch die Ionisationsvorgänge und ihre Anwendung auf Edelgas‐Ionen‐Laser

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