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The unique combination of a high-energy Nd:glass laser system and the intense heavy-ion beam at Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) allowed for the first time the measurement of the stopping power of heavy ions in plasmas at the level of one percent solidstate density and temperatures of about 60 eV. Energy loss measurements of swift heavy ions (5-6 MeV/u) in a carbon plasma revealed a stopping power exceeding theoretical predictions which was not observed in earlier experiments at lower plasma densities. This discrepancy can be resolved assuming higher effective charge states of the projectiles resulting in a consistent picture for the measured parameter range.

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Rate equations for the density of excited ions in noble gas discharges are solved for the steady state. The atomistic parameters in the theoretical treatment are replaced by experimental values. Hence inversion density and single pass gain can be calculated as a function of gas pressure, discharge current and geometry of the discharge tube. Conditions for maximum inversion density and power output are calculated and compared with experimentally determined values. The calculation is pointing out large bored tubes to be advantageous for high power operation. Numerical evaluations are particularily given for the A + line 4880 AU.