“…The same challenge to the validity of test data may occur in clinical and rehabilitation contexts as well, but with the primary focus of symptom validity research resting on the legal arena, these fields have long been ignored and the data basis is scarce but growing (e.g., Dandachi-FitzGerald, Ponds, Peters, & Merckelbach, 2011; Göbber, Petermann, Piezga, & Kobelt, 2012; Gutermann, Pfeiffer, & Bassler, 2017; Horner, van Kirk, Dismuke, Turner, & Muzzy, 2014; Locke, Smigielski, Powell, & Stevens, 2008). Carone, Bush, and Iverson (2013) formulated special guidelines on how to deal with clinical patients who fail in symptom validity measures.…”