Best practices in risk and crisis communication: Implications for natural hazards management

Steelman, Toddi A.; McCaffrey, Sarah

doi:10.1007/s11069-012-0386-z

Cited by 151 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition, communication that was interactive, provided specific explanations, and took local context into account was likely to be more effective. In recent years, a growing number of studies have focused specifically on understanding the dynamics of communication with the public in terms of increasing awareness and preparedness before a fire [21][22][23][24][25] and in relation to communication during a fire event [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. This research continues to support previous findings that pre-fire communityagency interactions influence preparedness.…”

Section: Pre-fire Actions: Homeowner Mitigation Fuel Treatments Agesupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Such interactive sources also tended to be seen as more useful and trustworthy than unidirectional information sources [26]. Interactive communication sources have been found to be important during a fire because they allow individuals to ask questions specific to their concerns which helps them develop a sense of control in a highly uncertain situation [28].…”

Section: Social Interactions Interactive Learning and Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community Wildfire Preparedness: a Global State-of-the-Knowledge Summary of Social Science Research

McCaffrey

2015

Curr Forestry Rep

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158

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This article builds on findings from a synthesis of fire social science research that was published from 2000 to 2010 to understand what has been learned more recently about public response to wildfires. Two notable changes were immediately noted in the fairly substantial number of articles published between 2011 and 2014. First, while over 90 % of the articles found in the initial synthesis were US-based studies, roughly half of the articles published since 2010 have been conducted outside the USA, the majority from Australia. Second, while the primary focus of earlier studies was on pre-fire mitigation efforts on both public and private lands, roughly half of the recent articles focused on dynamics during and after a fire. Overall, findings from the current review re-enforce key themes identified in the previous synthesis work and provide a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how certain variables, such as risk perception, may influence public response to wildfires. In addition, several important dynamics emerged across studies: the similarity of findings across countries, increased work across the temporal gradient, the importance of social interactions and of place attachment in shaping response, the need to take local knowledge and context into account, and the importance of financial support. These patterns suggest that while no single outreach approach or policy is likely to be effective everywhere or for everyone, efforts that facilitate development of relationships, within communities and between community members and fire personnel, can contribute to increased preparedness at the individual and community level by facilitating information exchange and helping to build a sense of community.

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Section: Pre-fire Actions: Homeowner Mitigation Fuel Treatments Agesupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Social Interactions Interactive Learning and Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Wildfire Preparedness: a Global State-of-the-Knowledge Summary of Social Science Research

McCaffrey

2015

Curr Forestry Rep

Self Cite

158

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“…The risk and crisis communication literature asserts that effective disaster and wildfire management requires communication before and during events, as one can influence the other (McCool et al 2006;Steelman and McCaffrey 2013). This suggests effective messaging to the public regarding wildfire risk necessarily involves prefire communication about land-management activities that require public participation (e.g.…”

Section: Wildfire Risk Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public information seeking, place-based risk messaging and wildfire preparedness in southern California

Velez

Diaz

Wall

2017

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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Abstract. Southern California is a challenging environment for managing and adapting to wildland-urban interface fires. Previous research shows risk perception and information seeking are related and that public information dissemination influences locally specific risk perception and preparedness actions. Here, we examine relationships between residents' wildfire knowledge and experience, readiness actions and media choice to determine how to integrate preparedness information and the recently developed Santa Ana Wildfire Threat Index into public information. Based on frequencies, means tests and correlations, we find television most frequently used for both daily news and wildfire information and that most people intend to seek information from the same sources in future fires. Wildfire knowledge, experience and past preparedness actions influence the number of sources from which respondents report seeking information. We note significant geographic differences in information sources used before and during wildfire, with higher percentages of residents in more rural areas relying on television, radio, Reverse 911, and friends and family for information during a wildfire. Findings support previous research results indicating sources considered trustworthy are not always considered the most up-to-date. Our findings support other empirical research recommending a multimedia, twoway communication model for event-based and readiness information supplemented with one-way sources like television.

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“…Hazard education and risk communication are an essential foundation for effective risk management (Leonard et al 2008;Paton et al 2001) with the aim to prevent harm through injury or death, while crisis communication focuses on informing the public during a crisis event (Leonard et al 2008;Steelman and McCaffrey 2013;Williams and Olaniran 1998). To maximise the effectiveness of warnings, signage plays a critical role in increasing hazard awareness of the public Fig.…”

Section: The Main Challenges Of Hazard Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Hydrothermal Features as Tourist Attractions

Erfurt-Cooper¹

2017

Advances in Volcanology

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Tourists are looking increasingly for adventurous experiences by exploring unusual and interesting landscapes. Active volcanic and hydrothermal landscapes and their remarkable manifestations of geysers, fumaroles and boiling mud ponds are some of the surface features that fascinate visitors of National Parks, Geoparks and World Heritage areas worldwide. The uniqueness of hydrothermal activity based on volcanism has provided popular tourist attractions in many countries for several thousand years. The Romans for example have used hydrothermal springs on the Italian island Ischia and visited the Campi Flegrei for recreational purposes. In Iceland the original Geysir already attracted international visitors over 150 years ago, who came to observe this spectacular hydrothermal phenomenon. In Greece and Turkey volcanic hot springs have historically provided attractive destinations, as well as in New Zealand, Japan and the Americas. The fact that locations with hydrothermal activity based on active volcanism have acquired various forms of protected site status, adds a further dimension to their attraction and demonstrates a significant contribution to sustainable and nature based tourism. Countries such as Iceland, New Zealand and Japan have a long tradition of using hydrothermal activity in its various forms to offer tourists a unique natural experience. These environments however are also known for their unpredictable and potentially hostile nature, as the use of hydrothermal features as a natural resource for tourism does harbour certain risks with the potential to affect human health and safety. to several hundred metres in diameter. Apart from unexpected eruptions of hydrothermal vents with the potential to cause thermal burns, further risk factors include seismic activity such as earthquakes, lethal gas emissions of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) as well as ground instability through hydrothermal alteration. While it is essential to prevent injuries to tourists the management of hydrothermal hazards remains problematic. Precursory signs are not well understood by the general public and the communication of imminent danger is frequently unachievable. As a consequence serious thought needs to be given to the risk factors and the potential danger of areas in the proximity of active hydrothermal manifestations such as extreme hot springs and geysers. To improve the safety standards in hydrothermal landscapes that are used as main features in tourism, strategic guidelines for best practice management must cover ALL active volcanic and hydrothermal areas. This chapter looks at management issues at hydrothermal destinations with special consideration of areas where these unique features are integrated as tourist attractions. Examples from destinations traditionally based on active volcanic and hydrothermal phenomena are presented as case studies to highlight the risk management processes in individual countries. Potential hazards in volcanic and hydrothermal areas are assessed with a focus on the prevention of acciden...

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Best practices in risk and crisis communication: Implications for natural hazards management

Cited by 151 publications

References 41 publications

Community Wildfire Preparedness: a Global State-of-the-Knowledge Summary of Social Science Research

Community Wildfire Preparedness: a Global State-of-the-Knowledge Summary of Social Science Research

Public information seeking, place-based risk messaging and wildfire preparedness in southern California

Active Hydrothermal Features as Tourist Attractions

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