Bestimmung von Nitrodiphenylaminen und verwandten Verbindungen im Sickerwasser einer Rüstungsaltlast

Bausinger, Tobias; Dehner, Ulrich; Preuß, Johannes

doi:10.1007/bf03038688

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…To our knowledge, very little is known about the toxicity of these molecules. Among them, mainly diphenylamine (DPA) and its nitrodiphenylamine transformation products have been found at former military sites , . N , N -dimethyl- N , N -diphenylurea (Centralite II), a similar compound to N , N -diethyl- N , N -diphenylurea (Centralite I) found in the extracts of the Susten-Stone Glacier, was detected in gunshot residues .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Non-Targeted Analysis of Contaminated Groundwater of a Former Ammunition Destruction Site using 1H-NMR and HPLC-SPE-NMR/TOF-MS

Godejohann

Heintz

Daolio

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The aim of the present study was to explore the capabilities of the combination of 1H NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance) mixture analysis and HPLC-SPE-NMR/TOF-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to solid-phase extraction and nuclear magnetic resonance and time-of-flight mass spectrometry) for the characterization of xenobiotic contaminants in groundwater samples. As an example, solid-phase extracts of two groundwater samples taken from a former ammunition destruction site in Switzerland were investigated. 1H NMR spectra of postcolumn SPE enriched compounds, together with accurate mass measurements, allowed the structural elucidation of unknowns. This untargeted approach allowed us to identify expected residues of explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT), Hexogen (RDX) and Octogen (HMX), degradation products of TNT (1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (1,3,5-TNB), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-A-4,6-DNT), 3,5-dinitrophenol (3,5-DNP), 3,5-dinitroaniline (3,5-DNA), 2,6-dinitroanthranite, and 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dinitrobenzonitrile), benzoic acid, Bisphenol A (a known endocrine disruptor compound), and some toxicologically relevant additives for propelling charges: Centralite I (1,3-diethyl-1,3-diphenylurea), DPU (N,N-diphenylurethane), N,N-diphenylcarbamate (Acardite II), and N-methyl-N-phenylurethane. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of these additives in environmental samples. Extraction recoveries for Centralite I and DPU have been determined. Contaminants identified by our techniques were quantified based on HPLC-UV (HPLC-ultraviolet detection) and 1H NMR mixture analysis. The concentrations of the contaminants ranged between 0.1 and 48 microg/L assuming 100% recovery for the SPE step.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Non-Targeted Analysis of Contaminated Groundwater of a Former Ammunition Destruction Site using 1H-NMR and HPLC-SPE-NMR/TOF-MS

Godejohann

Heintz

Daolio

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…However, the focus of these studies was mostly on 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), its precursors, by-products, and environmental metabolites [7][8][9][10][11]. Furthermore, tetryl, various nitrodiphenylamines, nitronaphthalenes, and nitrophenols were investigated [12][13][14][15]. To our knowledge, the above-mentioned specialty explosives were never taken into consideration in risk assessment studies of military contaminated sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Stability of nitroaromatic specialty explosives in reversed-phase liquid chromatographic systems

Bausinger

Preuß

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Other munitions plants are even now collections of ruins and rubble in forests that have become shrouded in myths (e.g., Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Reinsdorf, Forst) (Preuss et al 1993;Bausinger et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reconstruction of Production and Storage Sites for Chemical Warfare Agents and Weapons from Both World Wars in the Context of Assessing Former Munitions Sites

Preuß

2017

One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences

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This chapter begins by listing the quantities and sites of chemical agent production during both world wars and outlining the relative importance of these new weapons. Using the example of the production sites of World War II, the setting in which the construction and operation of these factories took place will be described, as well as the structure of the facilities. It will be shown that it was not only Fritz Haber's former colleagues who made important contributions to the research of chemical warfare agents and their production, but that an important role was also played by students of his successor at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry. In order to be employed militarily, chemical warfare agents must be put into grenades, bombs, mines, warheads, and spray tanks. This took place at seven filling plants, five of the army and two in air munitions facilities. Gaseous and particularly dangerous modern warfare agents were filled in the chemical factories where they were produced. This article is based on extensive research in the context of the investigation, ongoing since 1979, into former armaments sites, the methodology of which will be briefly outlined. It will be shown that the effects of chemical warfare agents-their production and deployment at the frontline-continue to pose a risk 100 years later. In consideration of general public health, the disposal of these agents of must be prioritized. Also in Germany, these agents have been exploded, burned, and buried, and the residues pose environmental risks. Some of the demolition sites of these agents are still unknown today.

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Bestimmung von Nitrodiphenylaminen und verwandten Verbindungen im Sickerwasser einer Rüstungsaltlast

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Comprehensive Non-Targeted Analysis of Contaminated Groundwater of a Former Ammunition Destruction Site using 1H-NMR and HPLC-SPE-NMR/TOF-MS

Comprehensive Non-Targeted Analysis of Contaminated Groundwater of a Former Ammunition Destruction Site using 1H-NMR and HPLC-SPE-NMR/TOF-MS

Stability of nitroaromatic specialty explosives in reversed-phase liquid chromatographic systems

The Reconstruction of Production and Storage Sites for Chemical Warfare Agents and Weapons from Both World Wars in the Context of Assessing Former Munitions Sites

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