Beta‐2‐microglobulin as a marker of malignant epithelial tumors of the skin

Sarma, Deba P.; Olivier, Maureen; Goldsman, Cary; Millikan, Larry E.

doi:10.1002/jso.2930290119

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, there are attributes of β2M excretion that compromise its utility for such purposes. First, β2M production rises in response to many inflammatory and neoplastic conditions [102]. Second, if reabsorption rates of β2M per nephron remain constant as its production rates change, excretion will vary directly with its production.…”

Section: Is Urinary β2m Indicative Of Tubulopathy ?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) employed the same endpoint, but a Cd excretion of 1 µg/g creatinine was designated as the toxicity threshold after inclusion of an uncertainty factor (safety margin) [102]. A dietary exposure of Cd at 0.36 µg/kg body weight per day for 50 years was viewed as an acceptable Cd ingestion level or reference dose (RfD) [109].…”

Section: Exposure Guidelinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Environmental Cadmium Exposure Causally Related to Diabetes and Obesity?

Satarug

2023

Preprint

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Cadmium (Cd) is a pervasive toxic metal, present in most food types, cigarette smoke, and contaminated air. It has no nutritional or physiological value, but most cells in the body will assimilate Cd, as its charge and ionic radius are similar to the essential metals, iron, zinc, and calcium (Fe, Zn, Ca), which are required for cellular metabolism and functional integrity. The kidney is regarded as the principal site of Cd toxicity as it preferentially accumulates in the proximal tubular epithelium here. As these cells die due to toxic accumulation, Cd complexed with metallothionein are released into tubular lumen and excreted. Excretion of Cd, signifying current renal cell toxicity, is used as a measure of long-term Cd exposure. Approximately 10% of the global population are now living with diabetes and over 80% of these are overweight or obese. This association has fueled an intense search for any exogenous chemicals and life-style factors that could induce excessive weight gain. Whilst epidemiological studies have clearly linked diabetes to Cd exposure, this appears to be independent of obesity. Indeed, obesity may enhance diabetogenic effects of Cd. This review highlights Cd exposure sources and levels associated with diabetes type 2 along with the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which Cd disrupt glucose metabolism. Special emphasis is on roles of the liver and kidney in glucose homeostasis, heme-glucose cross-talk, and the involvement of heme oxygenase-1 and -2 (HO-1 and HO-2). From heme degradation, both HO-1 and HO-2 release Fe, carbon monoxide and a precursor substrate for producing a cytoprotective biochemical, bilirubin, whilst HO-2 appears to have also anti-diabetic and anti-obese actions.

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Section: Is Urinary β2m Indicative Of Tubulopathy ?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure Guidelinementioning

confidence: 99%

Is Environmental Cadmium Exposure Causally Related to Diabetes and Obesity?

Satarug

2023

Preprint

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“…More recently there has been growing interest in changes in the levels of ß2-microglobulin in patients with neoplastic diseases [7][8][9], It is now well established that…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels and Urinary Excretion of Beta-2-Microglobulin in Patients with Urinary Bladder Carcinoma

Engström¹

1988

Eur Urol

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β2 Microglobulin expression in keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinoma

et al. 1987

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The cell surface expression of beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2 M) was investigated in 33 keratoacanthomas (KA) and 58 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) to determine whether this antigen was expressed to a different extent in these two conditions and, thus, whether this constitutes a reliable and practical test for distinguishing them. Loss of beta 2 M expression was not a reliable feature for distinguishing between KA and SCC and seemed to be related more to the degree of cellular differentiation and maturation, than to malignancy as such.

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Beta‐2‐microglobulin as a marker of malignant epithelial tumors of the skin

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Is Environmental Cadmium Exposure Causally Related to Diabetes and Obesity?

Is Environmental Cadmium Exposure Causally Related to Diabetes and Obesity?

Serum Levels and Urinary Excretion of Beta-2-Microglobulin in Patients with Urinary Bladder Carcinoma

β2 Microglobulin expression in keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinoma

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