Beta-Adrenergic Receptors in Pathophysiologic States and in Clinical Medicine

Insel, Paul A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0463-3_7

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…These studies confirm and extend results by Spina et al [69] and Sharma and Jeffery [67], reporting increased and normal numbers of BAR's, respectively, pointing clearly to a more distal defect in the BAR pathway in asthma. Such studies are clearly in contrast with at least 5 reports of reduced BAR density in animal models of allergic airway inflammation [reviewed in 36,53] and the report of Szentivanyi [76]. Furthermore, we have recently reported increased levels of fi2AR mRNA in lung homogenates from subjects with severe asthma compared to those with COPD and normal lungs [15].…”

Section: Trachea Bronchuscontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…Circulating lymphocytes and neutrophils have low numbers of receptors, which appear to be relatively poorly coupled to second messenger pathways in that they are easily downregulated [36]. Studies using circulating lymphocytes or neutrophils as a marker of pulmonary fiAR function can therefore be misleading (vide infra).…”

Section: Receptor Localization and Physiological Effects In The Humanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the other studies, it may be that the abnormalities are indicative of the atopic state rather than asthma per se. In addition, leukocyte BARs are very easily desensitized compared to airway smooth muscle BARs [34,36,82]. For a detailed review of studies of atopy and asthma utilizing leukocytes, the reader is referred to the recent review by Insel [36].…”

Section: Receptor Expression and Function In Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, leukocyte BARs are very easily desensitized compared to airway smooth muscle BARs [34,36,82]. For a detailed review of studies of atopy and asthma utilizing leukocytes, the reader is referred to the recent review by Insel [36]. Illustrative reports include those by Muers et al [51,52] and Connolly et al [ 18].…”

Section: Receptor Expression and Function In Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beta2 adrenergic receptors in asthma: A current perspective

Bai

1992

Lung

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The role of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in both the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma has been a subject of intense speculation and investigation for 25 years. The physiological effects of endogenous circulating catecholamines and exogenous adrenergic agonists in the lung are mediated by the beta 2-adrenergic receptor, which is present on a variety of cell types. Documented effects of beta 2-adrenergic receptor activation in the human lung include smooth muscle relaxation, inhibition of acetylcholine release from cholinergic nerve terminals, stimulation of serous and mucous cell secretion, increases in ciliary beat frequency, promotion of water movement into the airway lumen by stimulation of ion secretion across the apical membrane of epithelial cells, increase in bronchial blood flow, reduction in venular permeability, and inhibition of mediator release from some, but not all, inflammatory cells. Beta 2-Adrenergic receptors are present in normal or increased numbers on asthmatic airway smooth muscle but are uncoupled in severe asthma, leading to functional hyporesponsiveness, probably due to the effects of inflammatory mediators. There is also evidence for dysfunction of beta 2-adrenergic receptors on circulating inflammatory cells following mediator release. However, dysfunction of the receptors on airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells is unlikely to be of primary importance in the pathogenesis of asthma. There is increasing concern that regular beta 2-adrenergic receptor agonist use in the therapy of asthma is deleterious. Although a number of theories have been advanced to explain such an effect, none is well established and further research is urgently required.

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Section: Trachea Bronchuscontrasting

confidence: 47%

Section: Receptor Localization and Physiological Effects In The Humanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Receptor Expression and Function In Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Receptor Expression and Function In Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Beta2 adrenergic receptors in asthma: A current perspective

Bai

1992

Lung

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“…Despite this limitation, these types of studies have led to important insights into receptor regulation in the heart. [1][2][3][4] Another approach has been to study circulating blood cells (leukocytes or platelets) as models for inaccessible organs. While easy to perform, these see p 1494 studies can be difficult to interpret, as receptors on blood cells can be regulated differently than those in the heart.5 Moreover, white blood cells are heterogeneous, and changes in receptor expression can be caused either by changes in intracellular receptor expression or a change in the population of cells that circulate in the blood.6 Furthermore, blood cells do not contain most of the receptors of interest in the heart; although platelets have a2-adrenergic receptors and leukocytes have /82-adrenergic and histamine receptors, muscarinic cholinergic, a1-adrenergic, ,Iladrenergic, and dopamine receptors do not appear to be present in large numbers on blood cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%