Beta-Alanine Supplementation Improves Jumping Power and Affects Severe-Intensity Performance in Professional Alpine Skiers

Gross, Micah; Bieri, Kathrin S.; Hoppeler, H.; Norman, Barbara; Vogt, Michael

doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0253

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The findings from this particular study are encouraging as they highlight the effectiveness of pre-workout supplementation when exercising for increased upper body anaerobic performance. The increase in acute performance in a training session has been shown in the literature but the maintenance of this upper body performance has not been observed [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of Pre-Workout Supplements on Power Maintenance in Lower Body and Upper Body Tasks

Lane

Byrd

2018

JFMK

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Abstract:Recently, the use of pre-workout supplements has become popular. Research has shown their ability to increase performance for single bouts but little exists showing their ability to maintain this increase in performance over multiple bouts. Purpose: To investigate the effects of supplements on power production and the maintenance of upper and lower body tasks. Methods: Twenty-three males (22.9 ± 3.6 years, 175.6 ± 6.5 cm, 86.9 ± 15.1 kg, 19.1 ± 8.4 BF% mean ± standard deviation (SD)) were familiarized with the testing protocols and maximal bench press performances were attained (109.1 ± 34.0 kg). Utilizing a double-blind crossover design, subjects completed three trials of five countermovement vertical jumps before and after a high-intensity cycle sprint protocol, which consisted of ten maximal 5 s cycle ergometer sprints utilizing 7.5% of the subject's body weight as resistance, with 55 s of recovery between each sprint. Subjects ingested in a randomized order a commercially available pre-workout supplement (SUP), placebo + 300 mg caffeine (CAF), or a placebo (PLA). Peak power (PP), mean power (MP), and minimum power (MNP) were recorded for each sprint. Subjects performed a velocity bench press test utilizing 80% of their predetermined one repetition maximum (1RM) for 10 sets of 3 repetitions for maximal speed, with one-minute rests between sets. Maximal velocity from each set was recorded. For analysis, bike sprint and bench press data were normalized to the placebo trial. Results: Cycle sprint testing showed no significant differences through the testing sessions. In the bench press, the peak velocity was higher with both the SUP and CAF treatments compared to the placebo group (1.09 ± 0.17 SUP, 1.10 ± 0.16 CAF, and 1 ± 0 PLA, p < 0.05) and the supplement group was higher than the PLA for mean velocity (1.11 ± 0.18 SUP and 1 ± 0 PLA, p < 0.05). Vertical jump performance and lactate levels were not significantly different (RMANOVA showed no significant differences from any treatments). Conclusions: Supplementation with a pre-workout supplement or placebo with caffeine showed positive benefits in performance in bench press velocity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of Pre-Workout Supplements on Power Maintenance in Lower Body and Upper Body Tasks

Lane

Byrd

2018

JFMK

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“…Considering that repeated jumps might alter myoplasmic free calcium concentration and reduce fiber tension capacity in vitro (Allen et al, 1989), beta-alanine may aid in calcium handling (Hannah et al, 2015). This metabolic adaptation may result in greater jump heights (Carpentier et al, 2015), reduced contact times (Invernizzi et al, 2015) or increased aerobic energy production (Gross et al, 2014) during repeated jumps and may explain the greater enhancement of repeated jump performance of the BA group compared to the PLACEBO group. Also, the greater improvements in repeated jumping ability observed in the BA group might be indirectly related to smaller decrements in power output (i.e., greater training intensity) during plyometric training sessions (Gross et al, 2014; Invernizzi et al, 2015) (especially during the latter part of the sessions - Derave et al, 2007), due to the metabolic adaptations associated with beta-alanine supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ergogenic aid of beta-alanine in repeated sprinting ability has been previously reported in soccer players (Saunders et al, 2012), which could be explained by increased buffering ability of muscles (Girard et al, 2011). Alternatively, beta-alanine may have increased fatigue-resistance during sets of jump training (i.e., repeated jumping ability, Table 2), allowing greater training intensity during the latter part of plyometric training sessions (Derave et al, 2007; Gross et al, 2014; Invernizzi et al, 2015), thus increasing chances for greater RAST-related performance adaptations, such as neuromuscular-related explosive improvements (Girard et al, 2011; Markovic and Mikulic, 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Plyometric Training and Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Maximal-Intensity Exercise and Endurance in Female Soccer Players

Rosas¹,

Ramírez‐Campillo

Martínez

et al. 2017

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Plyometric training and beta-alanine supplementation are common among soccer players, although its combined use had never been tested. Therefore, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects of a plyometric training program, with or without beta-alanine supplementation, on maximal-intensity and endurance performance in female soccer players during an in-season training period. Athletes (23.7 ± 2.4 years) were assigned to either a plyometric training group receiving a placebo (PLACEBO, n = 8), a plyometric training group receiving beta-alanine supplementation (BA, n = 8), or a control group receiving placebo without following a plyometric training program (CONTROL, n = 9). Athletes were evaluated for single and repeated jumps and sprints, endurance, and change-of-direction speed performance before and after the intervention. Both plyometric training groups improved in explosive jumping (ES = 0.27 to 1.0), sprinting (ES = 0.31 to 0.78), repeated sprinting (ES = 0.39 to 0.91), 60 s repeated jumping (ES = 0.32 to 0.45), endurance (ES = 0.35 to 0.37), and change-of-direction speed performance (ES = 0.36 to 0.58), whereas no significant changes were observed for the CONTROL group. Nevertheless, compared to the CONTROL group, only the BA group showed greater improvements in endurance, repeated sprinting and repeated jumping performances. It was concluded that beta-alanine supplementation during plyometric training may add further adaptive changes related to endurance, repeated sprinting and jumping ability.

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“…Some data appeared to contribute to some asymmetry in the plot, with one study having a very low sample size (β-alanine only group (BA)=5, placebo group (PL)=2) 25. High standard errors shown for the other two26 27 are most likely due to high interindividual responses within the respective studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-alanine supplementation to improve exercise capacity and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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Objective To conduct a systematic review and metaanalysis of the evidence on the effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise capacity and performance. Design This study was designed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A 3-level mixed effects model was employed to model effect sizes and account for dependencies within data. Data sources 3 databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science) were searched using a number of terms ('β-alanine' and 'Beta-alanine' combined with 'supplementation', 'exercise', 'training', 'athlete', 'performance' and 'carnosine'). Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Inclusion/ exclusion criteria limited articles to double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies investigating the effects of β-alanine supplementation on an exercise measure. All healthy participant populations were considered, while supplementation protocols were restricted to chronic ingestion. Cross-over designs were excluded due to the long washout period for skeletal muscle carnosine following supplementation. A single outcome measure was extracted for each exercise protocol and converted to effect sizes for meta-analyses. Results 40 individual studies employing 65 different exercise protocols and totalling 70 exercise measures in 1461 participants were included in the analyses. A significant overall effect size of 0.18 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.28) was shown. Meta-regression demonstrated that exercise duration significantly ( p=0.004) moderated effect sizes. Subgroup analyses also identified the type of exercise as a significant ( p=0.013) moderator of effect sizes within an exercise time frame of 0.5-10 min with greater effect sizes for exercise capacity (0.4998 (95% CI 0.246 to 0.753)) versus performance (0.1078 (95% CI −0.201 to 0.416)). There was no moderating effect of training status ( p=0.559), intermittent or continuous exercise ( p=0.436) or total amount of β-alanine ingested ( p=0.438). Co-supplementation with sodium bicarbonate resulted in the largest effect size when compared with placebo (0.43 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.64)). Summary/conclusions β-alanine had a significant overall effect while subgroup analyses revealed a number of modifying factors. These data allow individuals to make informed decisions as to the likelihood of an ergogenic effect with β-alanine supplementation based on their chosen exercise modality.

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Beta-Alanine Supplementation Improves Jumping Power and Affects Severe-Intensity Performance in Professional Alpine Skiers

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of Pre-Workout Supplements on Power Maintenance in Lower Body and Upper Body Tasks

Effects of Pre-Workout Supplements on Power Maintenance in Lower Body and Upper Body Tasks

Effects of Plyometric Training and Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Maximal-Intensity Exercise and Endurance in Female Soccer Players

β-alanine supplementation to improve exercise capacity and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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