Beta-Lactamase-Producing <i>Branhamella Catarrhalis</i> Causing Otitis Media in Children

Kovatch, Anthony L.; Wald, Ellen R.; Michaels, Richard H.

doi:10.1177/00034894830920s617

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…While not frequently encountered as a pathogen, M. catarrhalis has been recognized as a specific pathogen in AOM for nearly 70 years (109). Since 1980, a marked increase has been reported in the isolation of M. catarrhalis from middle-ear exudates (26,141,155,213). This increase in M. catarrhalis isolation to approximately 15 to 20% (187) has been accompanied by the appearance of ␤-lactamase-producing strains, which now account for approximately 90 to 95% of isolates.…”

Section: Otitis Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Moraxella catarrhalis: from Emerging to Established Pathogen

et al. 2002

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SUMMARY Moraxella catarrhalis (formerly known as Branhamella catarrhalis) has emerged as a significant bacterial pathogen of humans over the past two decades. During this period, microbiological and molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed and improved for M. catarrhalis, allowing the adequate determination and taxonomic positioning of this pathogen. Over the same period, studies have revealed its involvement in respiratory (e.g., sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia) and ocular infections in children and in laryngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia in adults. The development of (molecular) epidemiological tools has enabled the national and international distribution of M. catarrhalis strains to be established, and has allowed the monitoring of nosocomial infections and the dynamics of carriage. Indeed, such monitoring has revealed an increasing number of Β-lactamase-positive M. catarrhalis isolates (now well above 90%), underscoring the pathogenic potential of this organism. Although a number of putative M. catarrhalis virulence factors have been identified and described in detail, their relationship to actual bacterial adhesion, invasion, complement resistance, etc. (and ultimately their role in infection and immunity), has been established in a only few cases. In the past 10 years, various animal models for the study of M. catarrhalis pathogenicity have been described, although not all of these models are equally suitable for the study of human infection. Techniques involving the molecular manipulation of M. catarrhalis genes and antigens are also advancing our knowledge of the host response to and pathogenesis of this bacterial species in humans, as well as providing insights into possible vaccine candidates. This review aims to outline our current knowledge of M. catarrhalis, an organism that has evolved from an emerging to a well-established human pathogen.

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Section: Otitis Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Moraxella catarrhalis: from Emerging to Established Pathogen

et al. 2002

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“…The pathogen, also known as Micrococcus catarrhalis, Neisseria catarrhalis and Brahamella catarrhalis, is a clinically important pathogen and is a common cause of respiratory infections, particularly otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infection in elderly patients [2][3][4][5]. M. catarrhalis is considered to be the third most common and most important cause of bronchopulmonary infections after Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae [6,7].…”

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Pulmonary thin-section CT findings in acuteMoraxella catarrhalispulmonary infection

Okada¹,

Ando²,

Nakayama³

et al. 2011

BJR

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Objective: Moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen in the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and pulmonary thin-section CT findings in patients with acute M. catarrhalis pulmonary infection. Methods: Thin-section CT scans obtained between January 2004 and March 2009 from 292 patients with acute M. catarrhalis pulmonary infection were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical and pulmonary CT findings in the patients were assessed. Patients with concurrent infection including Streptococcus pneumoniae (n572), Haemophilus influenzae (n561) or multiple pathogens were excluded from this study. Results: The study group comprised 109 patients (66 male, 43 female; age range 28-102 years; mean age 74.9 years). Among the 109 patients, 34 had community-acquired and 75 had nosocomial infections. Underlying diseases included pulmonary emphysema (n574), cardiovascular disease (n544) or malignant disease (n541). Abnormal findings were seen on CT scans in all patients and included ground-glass opacity (n599), bronchial wall thickening (n585) and centrilobular nodules (n579). These abnormalities were predominantly seen in the peripheral lung parenchyma (n599). Pleural effusion was found in eight patients. No patients had mediastinal and/or hilar lymph node enlargement. Conclusions: M. catarrhalis pulmonary infection was observed in elderly patients, often in combination with pulmonary emphysema. CT manifestations of infection were mainly ground-glass opacity, bronchial wall thickening and centilobular nodules. Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that was first described in 1896 [1]. The pathogen, also known as Micrococcus catarrhalis, Neisseria catarrhalis and Brahamella catarrhalis, is a clinically important pathogen and is a common cause of respiratory infections, particularly otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infection in elderly patients [2][3][4][5]. M. catarrhalis is considered to be the third most common and most important cause of bronchopulmonary infections after Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae [6,7]. In the Alexander project in Europe and the US between 1992 and 1993, M. catarrhalis was identified in 13.5% of bacterial isolates [8].M. catarrhalis has also gained attention as a nosocomial respiratory pathogen and as a community-acquired pathogen. On the basis of epidemiological evidence, the spread of M. catarrhalis was suggested to occur within the hospital environment [9,10]. McLeod et al [11] reported that 43 of 81 patients (53%) with M. catarrhalis infection were infected in a hospital and that the infection was associated with the proximity of the patient to other patients. Most nosocomial infections with M. catarrhalis involve the respiratory tract and outbreaks have been reported in respiratory units and paediatric intensive care units [10,12].M. catarrhalis infection has received increasing attention because it is an important factor in the acute exacerbation of...

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“…However, in the past few years it has been recognized as the etiologic agent of otitis media in children (9) and has been isolated in pure culture from patients with acute bronchitis and pneumonia (2,7,10,12,16,17), acute laryngitis (15), acute sinusitis (1), septicemia (3), meningitis (3,13), and endocarditis (6,14). P-Lactamase production by B. catarrhalis has occurred in 4 to 100% of isolates (5,(7)(8)(9)16 (11). The preparation and inoculation of the microbroth plates was accomplished with the MIC 2000 system (Dynatech Laboratories, Inc., Alexandria, Va.), using an inoculum of 105 CFU/ml.…”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro susceptibilities and beta-lactamase production of 53 clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis

Álvarez¹,

Jones²,

Holtsclaw-Berk³

et al. 1985

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We tested 53 clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis recovered from patients with respiratory symptoms to determine the susceptibility of the isolates to 25 antimicrobial agents, including the newer I8-lactam antibiotics. Of the 53 strains, 46 (86.7%) were P-lactamase producers. All the strains were susceptible to the majority of the new penicillins and cephalosporins.-The combinations of amoxacillin-clavulanic acid and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid were also very active against the P-lactamase-prodiicing strains.Branhamella catarrhalis, formerly known as Neisseria catarrhalis, is generally considered a harmless oropharyngeal commensal bacterium. However, in the past few years it has been recognized as the etiologic agent of otitis media in children (9) and has been isolated in pure culture from patients with acute bronchitis and pneumonia (2,7,10,12,16,17), acute laryngitis (15), acute sinusitis (1), septicemia (3), meningitis (3, 13), and endocarditis (6, 14). P-Lactamase production by B. catarrhalis has occurred in 4 to 100% of isolates (5, 7-9, 16). Despite this fact, very little information is available on the susceptibility of B. catarrhalis to antimicrobial agents, especially the newer 1B-lactam antibiotics.We report here on the antimicrobial susceptibility and the incidence of 1-lactamase in 53 clinical isolates of B. catarrhalis from hospitalized patients with respiratory disease. Organisms. A total of 53 clinical isolates of B. catarrhalis were obtained from hospitalized patients with lower respiratory symptoms admitted to the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Johnson City, Tenn. The isolates were obtained from blood, transtracheal aspirates, and expectorated sputum from patients with pneumonia or acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. The clinical isolates were identified by conventional methods previously described (4): gram-negative diplococci, oxidase production, growth on 5% sheep blood agar incubated at 37°C under humidified 10% C02, lack of pigmentation, failure to produce acid from glucose, maltose, and sucrose, and reduction of nitrate to nitrite. P-Lactamase production. The production of ,B-lactamase was determined in each strain by the use of the chromogenic cephalosporin disk nitrocefin (Cefinase; BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.).Antibiotics. Antibiotics were kindly provided by the manufacturers as reagent-grade powders and included penicillin

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Beta-Lactamase-Producing Branhamella Catarrhalis Causing Otitis Media in Children

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Moraxella catarrhalis: from Emerging to Established Pathogen

Moraxella catarrhalis: from Emerging to Established Pathogen

Pulmonary thin-section CT findings in acuteMoraxella catarrhalispulmonary infection

In vitro susceptibilities and beta-lactamase production of 53 clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis

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