Betrayal trauma and borderline personality characteristics: Gender differences.

Kaehler, Laura A.; Freyd, Jennifer J.

doi:10.1037/a0024928

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Instead, the individuals who tended to experience moderate level betrayal traumas also tended to experience high physical and emotional betrayal-traumas and were classified in the HBTPE profile. This finding is consistent with the significant and positive correlations found between high-betrayal and moderate-betrayal trauma scores, whereas similar correlations have not been found between high-betrayal and low-betrayal trauma scores (Martin et al, 2013; Kaehler & Freyd, 2012). Finally, the PD profile emerged as a unique trauma profile, with individuals in this profile having experienced the death of a primary caregiver with little other trauma exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Profiles of childhood trauma: Betrayal, frequency, and psychological distress in late adolescence.

Martin¹,

Ryzin²,

Dishion³

2016

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Objective With an emphasis on betrayal trauma, this study used latent profile analysis to examine how childhood traumas co-occur and whether trauma patterns differentially predicted psychological distress. Method A community sample of 806 adolescents and young adults participated. Youths reported their trauma histories, and lifetime DSM–IV disorders were assessed using a structured diagnostic interview. Results Latent profile analysis yielded 5 profiles: high-betrayal trauma physical violence and emotional abuse (HBTPE), high-betrayal trauma sexual and emotional abuse (HBTSE), low-betrayal trauma (LBT), parent death (PD), and a no/low trauma profile. Logistic regression analyses compared youths in the no/low trauma profile to those in the trauma profiles. Youths in the HBTPE profile were more likely to have moderate/severe major depressive disorder (odds ratio [OR] = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.16, 7.32), posttraumatic stress disorder (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 1.34, 14.03), and hallucinations (OR = 5.03, 95% CI = 2.00, 12.67); youths in the HBTSE and LBT profiles were more likely to experience hallucinations (OR = 3.19, 95% CI = 1.21, 8.39 and OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.01, 10.19, respectively); and youths in the PD profile were more likely to have moderate/severe depression (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.07, 5.43). Conclusions Specific trauma types co-occurred when considering type, level of betrayal, and frequency. The emergence of the two high-betrayal trauma profiles, with differing symptom presentations, suggests that experiences of high-betrayal traumas are not homogenous and specific trauma-focused interventions may be more appropriate for differing trauma profiles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Profiles of childhood trauma: Betrayal, frequency, and psychological distress in late adolescence.

Martin¹,

Ryzin²,

Dishion³

2016

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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“…Given established gender disparities in suicidality and borderline pathology in the literature (e.g., Kaehler & Freyd, 2012;Nordentoft & Branner, 2008), gender was controlled for in each model. All independent (i.e., maltreatment) and mediator (i.e., borderline symptoms) variables were centered prior to analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borderline Personality Symptomatology as a Mediator of the Link Between Child Maltreatment and Adult Suicide Potential

Allen

Cramer

Harris

et al. 2013

Archives of Suicide Research

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Three multiple mediation models (1 for each type of child maltreatment) were conducted. Results demonstrated that the same set of borderline personality characteristics mediated the relations between each type of child maltreatment (i.e., physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect) and suicide potential. The mediating borderline symptoms were affective dysregulation, identity problems, and paranoia. The meditation model is discussed with regard to attachment, trauma, and suicide theories, as well as suicide risk assessment.

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“…Research on youth in the justice system has substantiated that traumas involving betrayal are experienced disproportionately by girls and are associated with the most pernicious posttraumatic symptoms (Bennett, Modrowski, Chaplo, & Kerig, 2016;Kerig, Bennett, Thompson, & Becker, 2012). Betrayal trauma also has been proposed to contribute to dysregulations in girls' capacity to form and maintain healthy relationships (Kaehler & Freyd, 2012) and, thus, may be implicated in the intense, erratic, and "stormy" interpersonal style observed in justiceinvolved girls (Artz, 2005;Chamberlain & Moore, 2002;Serbin, Stack, Hubert, Schwartzman, & Ledingham, 2011).…”

Section: Gender Differences In Polyvictimization As a Risk Of Youth Jmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyvictimization and Girls’ Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System: Investigating Gender-Differentiated Patterns of Risk, Recidivism, and Resilience

Kerig

2018

J Interpers Violence

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A recent dramatic rise in girls' arrests has increased our need to examine whether our models of youth justice system involvement need to be differentiated by gender. Polyvictimization, in particular, has been implicated as a powerful predictor of youth problem behavior. However, recent research suggests that polyvictimization is associated with youth involvement in the justice system in ways that differ for girls at the levels of the independent variables (i.e., the sources of risk), the dependent variables (i.e., youth outcomes), and the mediators of these associations (i.e., the purported mechanisms that account for these relations). The present critique describes growth points in the current research with the goal of suggesting promising directions for future investigations. In particular, gaps are noted regarding our understanding of the specific forms of polyvictimization that affect traumatized girls' development, especially given the highly disproportionate prevalence of sexual abuse among justice-involved girls. In addition, increased attention is needed to gender differences in the timing of victimization and the onset of risky behavior, as well as the nature of trauma-linked youth offenses and recidivism, which research also suggests may differ for boys and girls. Furthermore, a new body of research on psychophysiological reactivity promises to shed light on gender differences in trauma response, resilience, and risk. Finally, the importance acknowledging the intersection of polyvictimization, gender, and race is noted. The article ends with a discussion of the ways in which understanding gender differences and similarities can inform gender-responsive approaches to prevention and intervention efforts.

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Betrayal trauma and borderline personality characteristics: Gender differences.

Cited by 33 publications

References 52 publications

Profiles of childhood trauma: Betrayal, frequency, and psychological distress in late adolescence.

Profiles of childhood trauma: Betrayal, frequency, and psychological distress in late adolescence.

Borderline Personality Symptomatology as a Mediator of the Link Between Child Maltreatment and Adult Suicide Potential

Polyvictimization and Girls’ Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System: Investigating Gender-Differentiated Patterns of Risk, Recidivism, and Resilience

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