Beyond PTSD: Black Male Fragility in the Context of Trauma

Singletary, Gilbert

doi:10.1080/10926771.2019.1600091

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In the United States, Black communities (Andrysiak et al, 2022; Blue Cross Blue Shield, 2022) and men (Oliffe et al, 2019) have psychological treatment needs that are going unmet. In particular, there is evidence that Black people largely (Nobles et al, 2016) and Black men specifically (Singletary, 2020) are experiencing symptoms of trauma for which they have not received adequate care, likely due to intersectional (Andrysiak et al, 2022) and structural stigmas that impede appropriate health care (Hatzenbuehler, 2016). A systematic review found that over 50% of Black men who experienced trauma may have unmet treatment needs (Motley & Banks, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, compared to White men, Black men who experience trauma have significantly lower rates of accessing mental health care (Motley & Banks, 2018). One reason for this discrepancy in exposures and diagnoses could be stigma; Singletary (2020) asserted that for Black men, the role of internalized stigma in trauma "cannot be overstated" (p. 532), such that when traumatic experiences go unshared, these symptoms can fester and be detrimental to mental and physical health. People in sexual minority groups, and especially those with intersectional minoritized racial or ethnic identities like Black SMM, also have high rates of traumatic experiences (Pantalone, Gorman, et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In a sample of young Black SMM, 98% of the respondents reported experiencing a traumatic event (e.g., experiencing an assault/attack, witnessing violence), and trauma symptoms were associated with higher depressive symptoms and sexual risk behaviors (Radcliffe et al, 2011). Yet, despite the stigmatization of trauma for Black men (Singletary, 2020), well-documented relations between trauma and criminal legal involvement, and the combined impact of PTSD and incarceration on depression, sexual risk-taking, and STI, these associations have not been studied among Black SMM.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and incarceration: The impact on sexual risk-taking, sexually transmitted infections, and depression among Black sexual minority men in HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061.

Scanlon,

Remch,

Scheidell

et al. 2024

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

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Black men and people belonging to sexual minority groups are disproportionately impacted by criminal legal involvement and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Traumatic experiences are often associated with later criminal legal involvement, depression symptoms, sexual risk behavior, and STIs. Research on the joint influence of trauma and incarceration on STI risk among racial and/or sexual minority people is limited. This study tested the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and incarceration on sexual risk behavior and STI among Black sexual minority men (SMM), a population that may be at higher risk for contracting STIs. Using data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 Study, a longitudinal study of adult Black SMM in six U.S. cities (N = 855), we tested associations between past 6-month incarceration and subsequent sexual risk behavior, STI, and depression symptoms, for those with and without preincarceration PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms were elevated among participants who reported Hispanic ethnicity, having sex with both men and women, and previous incarceration. Although there were no significant differences between recent incarceration and sexual risk for those with and without PTSD, incarceration was linked to some sexual risk behaviors regardless of PTSD symptoms. Among people with PTSD symptoms, there was a higher prevalence of sexual risk and depression symptoms, regardless of incarceration. These findings suggest a potentially compounding influence of PTSD symptoms continued

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and incarceration: The impact on sexual risk-taking, sexually transmitted infections, and depression among Black sexual minority men in HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061.

Scanlon,

Remch,

Scheidell

et al. 2024

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

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“…Black people suffer disproportionately from direct and indirect exposure to homicide. [1][2][3][4] For the purpose of this scoping review protocol, the term 'homicide' will be defined as the killing of one person by another. Homicide is a more expansive and common term that refers to non-criminal and criminal acts of murder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring research on the coping strategies of black survivors of homicide victims: a scoping review protocol

et al. 2021

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IntroductionBlack people are disproportionately impacted by homicide. However, despite this over-representation, research is limited relevant to how black individuals, families and communities cope with the chronic traumatic devastation of homicide. This scoping review will provide an amalgamation of the current literature regarding the coping strategies of black survivors of homicide victims to inform future health and social work practice.Methods and analysisIn this scoping review, Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework will be used to succinctly gather and synthesise previous literature and identify gaps in research relevant to black survivors of homicide victims. This method will allow for a focused process of chosen pertinent databases. The seven databases include OVID (MEDLINE and PsycINFO), ProQuest (Sociological Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts, International Bibliography of Social Sciences), EBSCO (Africa Wide, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature). The seven databases were chosen for their relevance to the topic of coping with homicide for black individuals, families and communities. All members of the research team will screen the abstracts and full texts of the literature based on the inclusion criteria. The findings will be charted and synthesised using a qualitative thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe articles chosen for this review will be gathered from peer-reviewed journals and scholarly search engines. Due to this research project’s nature, ethics approval is not warranted. The results of this scoping review will inform culturally responsive approaches to research, policy and practice for first responders (eg, law enforcement, emergency medical technicians) and providers (eg, mental health clinicians, physicians and faith-based communities) who frequently render services to black survivors of homicide victims. The results will be shared through journal article publications, academic and community conferences, as well as professional training opportunities for practitioners who support Black individuals, families and communities.

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“…Black men's response to traumatic events has important implications for their psychological and relational health (Motley & Banks, 2018). Research suggests some Black men's emotional restrictiveness in response to trauma and stressful events may hinder their ability to develop and maintain familial and romantic relationships (Singletary, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Incarcerated Black men’s restrictive emotionality: The influence of parental closeness and childhood abuse.

Thorpe

Hargons

Dogan

et al. 2021

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

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Black men are often socialized to limit their emotional expression, which can lead to negative relationships and emotional health outcomes. Yet, little is known about how childhood experiences influence their emotional restrictiveness in adulthood. This study examined the relationship between parental closeness, childhood abuse, and restricted emotionality among 183 Black incarcerated men nearing release. Findings conclude men who reported having a closer relationship with their parents had lower emotional restrictiveness than men who did not. Men who reported childhood sexual abuse by two people reported more restricted emotionality than their non-abused counterparts. Implications for programming, intervention, and prevention strategies are discussed. Public Significance StatementThe present study suggests childhood abuse, specifically sexual abuse by multiple individuals, is an important risk factor for restrictive emotionality among Black incarcerated men. In addition, this study highlights the importance of close supportive relationships, particularly with parents, as factors to consider for prevention and intervention approaches, and correctional strategies to foster emotional wellness for this population.

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Beyond PTSD: Black Male Fragility in the Context of Trauma

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and incarceration: The impact on sexual risk-taking, sexually transmitted infections, and depression among Black sexual minority men in HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061.

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and incarceration: The impact on sexual risk-taking, sexually transmitted infections, and depression among Black sexual minority men in HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061.

Exploring research on the coping strategies of black survivors of homicide victims: a scoping review protocol

Incarcerated Black men’s restrictive emotionality: The influence of parental closeness and childhood abuse.

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