Beyond Spectral Homodyne Detection: Complete Quantum Measurement of Spectral Modes of Light

Barbosa, F. A. S.; Coelho, A. S.; Cassemiro, K. N.; Nussenzveig, P.; Fabre, Claude; Martinelli, M.; Villar, A. S.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.200402

Cited by 35 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…To overcome this issue, a resonator detection method has been proposed and demonstrated in Refs. [1,32]. In our case we can exploit the error signal from the PDH stabilization to check the symmetry of the sideband state and also to measure the presence of some energy unbalance of the two sidebands, leading to non-vanishing δ ll .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Full quantum state reconstruction of symmetric two-mode squeezed thermal states via spectral homodyne detection and a state-balancing detector

et al. 2016

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We suggest and demonstrate a scheme to reconstruct the symmetric two-mode squeezed thermal states of spectral sideband modes from an optical parametric oscillator. The method is based on a single homodyne detector and active stabilization of the cavity. The measurement scheme have been successfully tested on different two-mode squeezed thermal states, ranging from uncorrelated coherent states to entangled states.PACS numbers: 03.65. Wj, 42.50.Lc, 42.50.Dv Introduction -Homodyne detection (HD) is an effective tool to characterize the quantum state of light in either the time [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] or the frequency [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] domain. In a spectral homodyne detector, the signal under investigation interferes at a balanced beam splitter with a local oscillator (LO) with frequency ω 0 . The two outputs undergo a photodetection process and their photocurrents are combined leading to a photocurrent continuously varying in time. The information about the spectral field modes at frequencies ω 0 ± Ω (sidebands) is then retrieved by electronically mixing the photocurrent with a reference signal with frequency Ω and phase Ψ. Upon varying the phase θ of the LO, we may access different field quadratures, whereas the phase Ψ can be adjusted to select the symmetric S or antisymmetric A balanced combinations of the upper and lower sideband modes.

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confidence: 99%

“…In order to retrieve the full information about the sidebands it has been suggested that one should spatially separate the two modes [30,31] or implement more sophisticated setups [1,32] involving resonator detection. On the other hand, it would be desirable to have schemes, which do not require structural modifications of the experimental setup.…”

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confidence: 99%

Full quantum state reconstruction of symmetric two-mode squeezed thermal states via spectral homodyne detection and a state-balancing detector

et al. 2016

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“…At the same time a single-ended cavity could be employed to rotate the squeezed quadrature angle with respect to the carrier to allow for full characterization of the squeezed field using self-homodyne detection. 20,21 While detecting the on-chip generated squeezed light will be the next step, we expect the squeezing degree to be mainly limited by optical loss due to inefficient fiber coupling. Achieving better coupling efficiencies, for instance by tuning the Gaussian mode profile given by the lensed fibers, has to be investigated as well as possible reductions of waveguide propagation loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an integrated squeezed light source

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Since it's first generation more than 30 years ago, squeezed light has developed towards a tool for high precision measurements as well as a tool for quantum information tasks like quantum key distribution. Miniaturization of sensors is an active field of research with the prospect of many applications. The precision of optical sensors based on interferometric measurements is often limited by the fundamental shot noise. While shot noise can be reduced by increasing the employed light power, integrated sensors pose limitations on the maximum possible amount due to damaging effects of high intensity as well as power consumption. Bright quadrature squeezed light produced by the optical Kerr effect in a nonlinear medium offers an opportunity to overcome these limitations. Here, we present first steps towards a bright quadrature squeezed light source produced by the optical Kerr effect in race-track resonators in silicon nitride by presenting characterizations of the chip. Using standard fabrication techniques this source will have the potential of seamless integration into on-chip optical sensors.

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“…In principle it is possible to reconstruct the quantum state of a two-color photon beam by spectrum analysis of the time-dependent photon intensity. It is shown in appendix C that the analysis of [23,24] carries over to the context of reducible QED.…”

Section: Fluctuations Of the Electric Field Operatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-classical correlations in reducible quantum electrodynamics

Naudts

2019

J. Phys. Commun.

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The question is discussed whether the momentum of a photon has a quantum uncertainty or whether it is a classical quantity. The latter assumption is the main characteristic of reducible Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). Recent experiments in Quantum Optics may resolve the question. The non-classical correlation of quantum noise in color-entangled beams cannot be explained by reducible QED without modification of the standing explanation. On the other hand, reducible QED explains uncertainty of the momentum of a single photon when it is entangled with a quantum spin residing in its environment. The explanation of the historical experiment with equally-polarized pairs of photons, showing violation of the Bell inequalities, invokes the argument of collapse of the wave function, also in reducible QED. k k H y = ñ ¢ ¢ | †. The present paper questions whether states of the form (1) or (2) do occur in Nature. If they don't then a modified theory of QED, such as reducible QED, is needed.The original picture behind QED is that Euclidean space is filled with two-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillators the excitations of which are photons. Marek Czachor suggested [11] that the frequency of these oscillators should be quantized as well. Together with his collaborators he developed a non-canonical theory of QED. See [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and references quoted in these papers. One of the main results of the theory is that QED after renormalization is recovered as a limiting case, without the need to fall back on ad hoc procedures like renormalization. On the other hand, an attempt to force the formalism into a mathematically rigorous framework was not successful [19].

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Beyond Spectral Homodyne Detection: Complete Quantum Measurement of Spectral Modes of Light

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Full quantum state reconstruction of symmetric two-mode squeezed thermal states via spectral homodyne detection and a state-balancing detector

Full quantum state reconstruction of symmetric two-mode squeezed thermal states via spectral homodyne detection and a state-balancing detector

Towards an integrated squeezed light source

Non-classical correlations in reducible quantum electrodynamics

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