2021
DOI: 10.1109/mprv.2021.3063443
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Beyond the Star of Stars: An Introduction to Multihop and Mesh for LoRa and LoRaWAN

Abstract: LoRa has emerged in recent years as a wireless technology providing long-range communication for-low power Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The LoRaWAN architecture adds the Medium Access Control (MAC) and application layers and defines a star of stars topology suitable for many and diverse IoT applications. However, in a number of scenarios, a more flexible network topology than LoRaWAN's is needed. We review the state of the art of the design and implementation of multihop and mesh solutions for LoRa and Lo… Show more

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Cited by 46 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…In [40] it is discussed that LoRa multi-hop and mesh solutions require targeted design to address the specific requirements from each use case scenario, highlighting scalability, management, and complexity issues. In [41] the authors studied the various deployment options of LoRa mesh and multi-hop topologies, denoting the use of nodes as intermediate relays and additionally highlighting power consumption and optimum sensor placement tradeoffs.…”
Section: Lora Multi-hopmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In [40] it is discussed that LoRa multi-hop and mesh solutions require targeted design to address the specific requirements from each use case scenario, highlighting scalability, management, and complexity issues. In [41] the authors studied the various deployment options of LoRa mesh and multi-hop topologies, denoting the use of nodes as intermediate relays and additionally highlighting power consumption and optimum sensor placement tradeoffs.…”
Section: Lora Multi-hopmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Each cluster has four sensors. The cluster head is the last node in the cluster (sensor IDs 4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48). In the second hierarchical scenario, there are five clusters.…”
Section: Hierarchical Topology Calculationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Finally, adding new gateways to the network in order to improve both network coverage and reliability requires a power-line and network backhauling which is not practically sustainable. Moreover, it adds complexity in the network with mechanisms as routing, load balancing, and gateway selection [3]. Precisely, under deployment constraints as mentioned above, relaying is undoubtedly relevant as it outperforms even SF12 single hop communication links.…”
Section: Conclusive Remarksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At present, there are many possible architectures for M2M communication. Document [11] proposes three architectures, including direct communication between M2M devices and ENB, multihop transmission by gateway, and end-to-end transmission between M2M devices.…”
Section: Research On M2mmentioning
confidence: 99%