Beyond the Transcripts: What Controls Protein Variation?

Straub, Laura

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001146

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The negative amount of apparently digested Zn in the group with the lowest feed Zn supply (0 mg/kg of added Zn; 28.1 mg/kg of total dietary Zn) indicates a loss of 2.69 mg Zn per kg feed consumption through faecal excretion. Furthermore, given the fact that proteomic response often shows poor correlation to transcriptomic response due to certain posttranscriptional mechanisms (Straub 2011), investigations on the correlation of hepatic Mt with certain micro-RNA (miRNA) molecules should be conducted. Vice versa, the liver avoids storing major amounts of Zn below the point of Zn requirement, obviously in favour of other tissues Windisch 2003b).…”

Section: Parameters Of Zn Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an experimental model to assess the bioavailability of zinc in practical piglet diets

Brügger

Buffler

Windisch

2014

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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Sufficient zinc (Zn) supply is a key element of successful animal husbandry. Proper use of dietary Zn sources, however, demands knowledge of Zn requirement and bioavailability, reflecting practical feeding systems. In this study, an experimental model is presented where 48 fully weaned and individually housed piglets received a fine differentiated alimentary Zn supply. The basal diet consisted mainly of corn and soybean meal (native Zn: 28.1 mg/kg feed) and was fortified with Zn from Zn sulphate at eight levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 60 mg Zn/kg). All animals were pretreated uniformly with the highest Zn supply (88 mg total Zn/kg feed) for two weeks (feeding ad libitum). Subsequently, animals were switched to the eight experimental diets (six animals per group, restricted feeding at 450 g/d). This period was limited to 8 d in order to avoid clinical Zn-deficiency symptoms. Measurements included amounts of apparently digested Zn, final levels of plasma Zn, plasma Zn-binding capacity, plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, femur Zn, liver Zn as well as hepatic metallothionein (Mt) 1a and Mt2b gene expression and hepatic Mt protein abundance. Clinical signs of Zn deficiency were completely absent through the entire study. All the analysed parameters except for Mt protein abundance responded sensitively to graduations in dietary Zn contents and indicated the presence of Zn deficiency at lower dietary Zn additions. Amounts of apparently digested Zn, liver Zn as well as hepatic Mt1a and Mt2b gene expression indicated transition from deficient to sufficient Zn supply between 47.5 and 58.2 mg of total Zn per kg of diet as assessed by broken-line response techniques. Analysed blood and bone parameters responded linearly to graduations in dietary Zn supply even within sufficient Zn supply levels. Taken together, the results indicate the suitability of our experimental model to determine Zn requirement in piglets and hence to also assess bioavailability of dietary Zn sources. The latter may be done by comparing the slope of the amounts of apparently digested Zn as well as by determining the response of blood and bone parameters to graduations in dietary Zn at insufficient Zn supply.

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Section: Parameters Of Zn Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an experimental model to assess the bioavailability of zinc in practical piglet diets

Brügger

Buffler

Windisch

2014

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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“…Accordingly, because their deduction from transcriptional data might be misleading (Keene 2010;Straub 2011;Zhang et al 2014), here we assign constant, but phenotype-specific, intracellular enzyme concentrations to the subpopulations. In particular, significantly higher amounts of solvent-forming enzymes are present in solventogenic cells which is in accordance with experimental observations from acidogenic and solventogenic steady states (Fontaine et al 2002;Janssen et al 2010).…”

Section: Adhe1 Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coenzyme A-transferase-independent butyrate re-assimilation in Clostridium acetobutylicum—evidence from a mathematical model

Millat

Voigt

Janssen

et al. 2014

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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(2014) Coenzyme A-transferaseindependent butyrate re-assimilation in Clostridium acetobutylicum -evidence from a mathematical model. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 98 (21 A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk Coenzyme A-transferase-independent butyrate re-assimilation in Clostridium acetobutylicum -Evidence from a mathematical model Abstract: The hetero-dimeric CoA-transferase CtfA/B is believed to be crucial for the metabolic transition from acidogenesis to solventogenesis in Clostridium acetobutylicum as part of the industrial-relevant acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. Here, the enzyme is assumed to mediate re-assimilation of acetate and butyrate during a pH-induced metabolic shift and to faciliate the first step of acetone formation from acetoacetyl-CoA. However, recent investigations using phosphate-limited continuous cultures have questioned this common dogma.To adress the emerging experimental discrepancies, we investigated the mutant strain Cac-ctfA398s::CT using chemostat cultures. As a consequence of this mutation, the cells are unable to express functional ctfA and are thus lacking CoA-transferase activity. A mathematical model of the pH-induced metabolic shift, which was recently developed for the wild type, is used to analyse the observed behaviour of the mutant strain with a focus on re-assimilation activities for the two produced acids.Our theoretical analysis reveals that the ctfA mutant still re-assimilates butyrate, but not acetate. Based upon this finding, we conclude that C. acetobutylicum possesses a CoA-tranferase-independent butyrate uptake mechanism that is activated by decreasing pH levels. Furthermore, we observe that butanol formation is not inhibited under our experimental conditions, as suggested by previous batch culture experiments. In concordance with recent batch experiments, acetone formation is abolished in chemostat cultures using the ctfa mutant.

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“…Differences in transcript and protein levels, such as those observed for OsSUT1 from day 1 to 3 of aphid infestation, can be reconciled since many genes and corresponding proteins show such opposite regulation (see Greenbaum et al 2003;Foss et al 2011;Straub 2011). It could be that due to abundance of protein product, there is no need for further transcription of the gene, and therefore mRNA transcript levels fall while the protein remains in high amounts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Foss et al . ; Straub ). It could be that due to abundance of protein product, there is no need for further transcription of the gene, and therefore mRNA transcript levels fall while the protein remains in high amounts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice sucrose transporter1 (OsSUT1) up‐regulation in xylem parenchyma is caused by aphid feeding on rice leaf blade vascular bundles

et al. 2013

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The role of the sucrose transporter OsSUT1 in assimilate retrieval via the xylem, as a result of damage to and leakage from punctured phloem was examined after rusty plum aphid (Hysteroneura setariae, Thomas) infestation on leaves from 3-week-old rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Nipponbare) plants. Leaves were examined over a 1- to 10-day infestation time course, using a combination of gene expression and β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene analyses. qPCR and Western blot analyses revealed differential expression of OsSUT1 during aphid infestation. Wide-field fluorescence microscopy was used to confirm the expression of OsSUT1-promoter::GUS reporter gene in vascular parenchyma associated with xylem elements, as well as in companion cells associated with phloem sieve tubes of large, intermediate and small vascular bundles within the leaf blade, in regions where the aphids had settled and were feeding. Of great interest was up-regulation of OsSUT1 expression associated with the xylem parenchyma cells, abutting the metaxylem vessels, which confirmed that OsSUT1 was not only involved in loading of sugars into the phloem under normal physiological conditions, but was apparently involved in the retrieval of sucrose leaked into the xylem conduits, which occurred as a direct result of aphid feeding, probing and puncturing of vascular bundles. The up-regulation of OsSUT1 in xylem vascular parenchyma thus provides evidence in support of the location within the xylem parenchyma cells of an efficient mechanism to ensure sucrose recovery after loss to the apoplast (xylem) after aphid-related feeding damage and its transfer back to the symplast (phloem) in O. sativa leaves.

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Beyond the Transcripts: What Controls Protein Variation?

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Development of an experimental model to assess the bioavailability of zinc in practical piglet diets

Development of an experimental model to assess the bioavailability of zinc in practical piglet diets

Coenzyme A-transferase-independent butyrate re-assimilation in Clostridium acetobutylicum—evidence from a mathematical model

Rice sucrose transporter1 (OsSUT1) up‐regulation in xylem parenchyma is caused by aphid feeding on rice leaf blade vascular bundles

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