Abstract:Indigenous scholars and others who study the experiences of Indigenous communities have long criticized the psychocentric approach to trauma held by most clinical professionals. A recent example of this was the Canadian government's reparations for Indian Residential School system (IRS) survivors, which focused largely on individual psychological harms rather than broader effects of colonial oppression. Beginning in 1867 and continuing throughout the latter half of the twentieth century, Indigenous children we… Show more
“…For example, would a similar pattern be found when the target groups were White and Indigenous faces? Given the recent discovery of hundreds of unmarked graves of Indigenous children who have died at residential schools in Canada (Burrage et al, 2021 ), examining another group that has also experienced extreme and systemic discrimination is important. Can perceived similarity increase attention to the eyes of White and Indigenous targets for White participants?…”
One reason for the persistence of racial discrimination may be anticipated dissimilarity with racial outgroup members that prevent meaningful interactions. In the present research, we investigated whether perceived similarity would impact the processing of same-race and other-race faces.
Specifically, in two experiments, we varied the extent to which White participants were ostensibly similar to targets via bogus feedback on a personality test. With an eye tracker, we measured the effect of this manipulation on attention to the eyes, a critical region for person perception and face memory. In Experiment 1, we monitored the impact of perceived interpersonal similarity on White participants’ attention to the eyes of same-race White targets. In Experiment 2, we replicated this procedure, but White participants were presented with either same-race White targets or other-race Black targets in a between-subjects design. The pattern of results in both experiments indicated a positive linear effect of similarity—greater perceived similarity between participants and targets predicted more attention to the eyes of White and Black faces. The implications of these findings related to top-down effects of perceived similarity for our understanding of basic processes in face perception, as well as intergroup relations, are discussed.
“…For example, would a similar pattern be found when the target groups were White and Indigenous faces? Given the recent discovery of hundreds of unmarked graves of Indigenous children who have died at residential schools in Canada (Burrage et al, 2021 ), examining another group that has also experienced extreme and systemic discrimination is important. Can perceived similarity increase attention to the eyes of White and Indigenous targets for White participants?…”
One reason for the persistence of racial discrimination may be anticipated dissimilarity with racial outgroup members that prevent meaningful interactions. In the present research, we investigated whether perceived similarity would impact the processing of same-race and other-race faces.
Specifically, in two experiments, we varied the extent to which White participants were ostensibly similar to targets via bogus feedback on a personality test. With an eye tracker, we measured the effect of this manipulation on attention to the eyes, a critical region for person perception and face memory. In Experiment 1, we monitored the impact of perceived interpersonal similarity on White participants’ attention to the eyes of same-race White targets. In Experiment 2, we replicated this procedure, but White participants were presented with either same-race White targets or other-race Black targets in a between-subjects design. The pattern of results in both experiments indicated a positive linear effect of similarity—greater perceived similarity between participants and targets predicted more attention to the eyes of White and Black faces. The implications of these findings related to top-down effects of perceived similarity for our understanding of basic processes in face perception, as well as intergroup relations, are discussed.
“…Scholars have suggested that reclaiming loss as our epoch's shared denominator for human and non-human experiences may open pathways for identifying common tools to question colonial and corporate power (Adams, 2020). Losses resulting from imposed transformation, as in the present study, are likely experienced fundamentally differently from anxieties projected towards the future in Global North-settings (Adams, 2020; see also Burrage et al,2021). Yet, despite differences, sharing the terrifying feeling of loss may be among what can guide people and movements, such as the network that facilitated the present research, to explore ways of rememberment and coexistence in a breaking planet (Ndlovu-Gatsheni, 2020;Lynch & Veland, 2018).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 64%
“…Participants felt strong ties to the mountains and responsibility for protecting the knowledge defended by earlier generations. The thought of losing these ties produced “future anxiety” (Sara) (Normann, 2021) and a sense of losing the collective self (Hogg & Williams, 2000) and the meaning of life (see also Burrage et al, 2021). In explaining the meaning of loss, Sara allowed a glimpse into her lifeworld: It is a scary profession.…”
I would like to speak about the paradox of green colonialism. When colonialism has dressed up in nice, green refinery, and we are told that we have to give up our territories and our livelihoods to save the world, because of climate change (..) As an Indigenous people, we do not only carry the burden of climate change; we also carry the burden of mitigation."
“…It is possible that in these cases, researchers did not want to bias the data in any given direction and instead asked neutral, open-ended questions to determine whether participants would spontaneously disclose data about culture. However, these articles stand in contrast to those where cultural data was specifically elicited (Betancourt et al, 2011; Burrage, 2018; Wexler, 2014) in relation to richness of description of cultural values.…”
The construct of resilience has been of interest to social scientists for several decades, with a range of definitions describing traits, contexts, and processes of growth. Research with trauma-exposed populations suggests that resilience is a common trajectory, but the mechanisms that facilitate resilience are not entirely clear. This is especially the case with cross-cultural populations, and scholars in this area have pointed to the individualistic nature of the concept and the absence of cultural factors in resilience research. These scholars call for a social-ecological view of resilience that incorporates multiple factors, including indigenous ideologies and systems of meaning-making. This article aims to add to the conversation surrounding the relationship between culture and resilience to psychological trauma. The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature in an effort to identify empirical articles that examined the relationship between culture, resilience, and psychological trauma. Across 3 academic databases and Google Scholar, the authors identified a total of 30 articles that empirically evaluated these variables between 2008 and 2018. Overall, research points to culturally specific values and community and social support to be facilitative of resilience in a range of trauma-exposed populations. The small number of articles is consistent with critiques regarding the absence of culture in empirical assessments of resilience, and discussion offers suggestions for future research. Overall, the review synthesizes the findings of these articles and offers implications for research and treatment of diverse trauma-exposed populations.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
