Bias to negative emotions: A depression state-dependent marker in adolescent major depressive disorder

Maalouf, Fadi T.; Clark, Luke; Tavitian, Lucy; Sahakian, Barbara J.; Brent, David A.; Phillips, Mary L.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.01.030

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…When a response to a negative/sad stimuli is required individuals with depression appear to react faster [49,55] while when the negative stimuli is used as a distractor or is presented in incongruent trials with positive stimuli at the same time this may hamper reaction times [47]. It should, however, be noted that other studies have failed to detect such a bias [19,34,63,64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four of these found that the affective manipulation of stimuli had no effect on task performance in depressed participants [19,34,64]. The other five tasks elicited some effect: [55] observed shorter reaction times to negative than positive stimuli only in the acute MDD group but not in the remitted MDD or healthy control group. However, none of the measures obtained on this task correlated with symptom severity.…”

Section: Attentional Bias and Affective Manipulations Of Cold Ef Tasksmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Because depression has been associated with an attention bias towards negative stimuli, four studies used an affective version of the go/no-go task in which positively and negatively valenced words [34,47,55] and faces [34,48] were presented. Kyte et al [47] HC healthy control participants, CG clinical group, ADHD(-CT) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (-combined type), ANX anxiety disorders, DD dysthymic disorder, OCD obsessive-compulsive disorder, ODD oppositional defiant disorder, K-SADS-PL kiddie-schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia (present and lifetime version), RCMAS revised children's manifest anxiety scale, CDI children's depression inventory, SCARED the screen for child anxiety related disorders, BDI beck depression inventory, CBCL child behaviour checklist, MFQ mood and feelings questionnaire, CDRS /CDRS-R children's depression rating scale-revised, SDQ strengths and difficulties questionnaire …”

Section: Response Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executive function and attention in children and adolescents with depressive disorders: a systematic review

Vilgis

Silk

Vance

2015

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

109

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Numerous studies have shown that Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in adults is associated with deficits in cognitive control. Particularly, impairment on executive function (EF) tasks has been observed. Research into EF deficits in children and adolescents with MDD has reported mixed results and it is currently unclear whether paediatric MDD is characterised by impairments in EF and attention. PsycInfo, Scopus and Medline were systematically searched to identify all studies that have investigated EF and attention in paediatric depressive disorders between 1994 and 2014. 33 studies meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria were identified. While across different domains of EF some studies identified a deficit in the clinical group, the majority of studies failed to find deficits in response inhibition, attentional set shifting, selective attention, verbal working memory, and verbal fluency. More research is needed to clarify the relationship between depressive disorders in children and adolescents and spatial working memory processing, sustaining attention, planning, negative attentional bias and measures of 'hot' EF. There is little support for EF deficits in paediatric depression. However, there are numerous methodological problems that may account for null findings. Alternatively, chronicity and/or severity of symptoms may explain discrepancies between cognitive deficits in adult and paediatric MDD. Recommendations for future studies are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Attentional Bias and Affective Manipulations Of Cold Ef Tasksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Response Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Executive function and attention in children and adolescents with depressive disorders: a systematic review

Vilgis

Silk

Vance

2015

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This study would have benefitted from a measure of reaction time, as age effects may have been present [45]. Moreover, it is possible that depressed boys may have exhibited reduced response latencies for negative items [47]. This study would also have benefitted from a measure of puberty given that pubertal hormonal changes are likely to influence both social cognition [48] and sex differences in rates of adolescent depression [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental State Decoding in Adolescent Boys with Major Depressive Disorder versus Sex-Matched Healthy Controls

Mellick

Sharp²

2016

Psychopathology

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Background: Several adult depression studies have investigated mental state decoding, the basis for theory of mind, using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. Findings have been mixed, but a comprehensive study found a greater severity of depression to be associated with poorer mental state decoding. Importantly, there has yet to be a similar study of adolescent depression. Converging evidence suggests that atypical mental state decoding may have particularly profound effects for psychosocial functioning among depressed adolescent boys. Sampling and Methods: Adolescent boys with major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 33) and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 84) completed structured clinical interviews, self-report measures of psychopathology and the Child Eyes Test (CET). Results: The MDD group performed significantly better than HCs on the CET overall (p = 0.002), underscored by greater accuracy for negatively valenced items (p = 0.003). Group differences on items depicting positive (p = 0.129) and neutral mental states (p = 0.081) were nonsignificant. Conclusions: Enhanced mental state decoding among depressed adolescent boys may play a role in the maintenance of and vulnerability to adolescent depression. Findings and implications are discussed. Limitations of this study include a reliance on self-report data for HC boys, as well as a lack of ‘pure' depression among the boys with MDD.

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“…In addition, cognitive bias is a risk factor for the subsequent development of depression in predisposed individuals (Raes et al, 2006;van Oostrom et al, 2013). Furthermore, there is a bias towards negative emotions in depression (Maalouf et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences of biased recall memory for emotional information among children and adolescents of mothers with MDD, children and adolescents with MDD, and normal controls

Asl

Ghanizadeh

Mollazadeh

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research

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Bias to negative emotions: A depression state-dependent marker in adolescent major depressive disorder

Cited by 55 publications

References 35 publications

Executive function and attention in children and adolescents with depressive disorders: a systematic review

Executive function and attention in children and adolescents with depressive disorders: a systematic review

Mental State Decoding in Adolescent Boys with Major Depressive Disorder versus Sex-Matched Healthy Controls

Differences of biased recall memory for emotional information among children and adolescents of mothers with MDD, children and adolescents with MDD, and normal controls

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