Bidirectional 32×43 Gbit/s unrepeatered transmission over 200 km with band-interleaved Raman amplification

Kinjo, K.; Matsukawa, Takashi; Kajiya, S.

doi:10.1049/el:20020398

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Pure Raman or hybrid Raman/erbium amplification has been suggested as a key way to improve the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) in wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems. Repeaterless transmission technologies have received much attention because of the elimination of repeater costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7) Kinjo et al had succeeded in the experimental transmission of 32 multiplexed 43 Gb/s channels bidirectionally over a 200 km span. 4) In the Raman amplification systems, the model equations actually describe the behavior of bidirectional pump/signal flows, and an analysis of the bidirectional pump/signal propagation in fibers has to be implemented. Obviously, this is the solution of a two-point boundary value problem (BVP), and a shooting algorithm is adopted typically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diffusion Control Techniques for TiN Stacked Metal Gate Electrodes for p-Type Metal Insulator Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors

Sakashita¹,

Kawahara²,

Mizutani³

et al. 2007

jjap

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A series of new single-step methods and their corresponding algorithms with automatic step size adjustment for model equations of fiber Raman amplifiers are proposed and compared in this paper. On the basis of the Newton-Raphson method, multiple shooting algorithms for the two-point boundary value problems involved in solving Raman amplifier propagation equations are constructed. A verified example shows that, compared with the traditional Runge-Kutta methods, the proposed methods can increase the accuracy by more than two orders of magnitude under the same conditions. The simulations for Raman amplifier propagation equations demonstrate that our methods can increase the computing speed by more than 5 times, extend the step size significantly, and improve the stability in comparison with the Dormand-Prince method. The numerical results show that the combination of the multiple shooting algorithms and the proposed methods has the capacity to rapidly and effectively solve the model equations of multipump Raman amplifiers under various conditions such as co-, counter-and bi-directionally pumped schemes, as well as dual-order pumped schemes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Control Techniques for TiN Stacked Metal Gate Electrodes for p-Type Metal Insulator Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors

Sakashita¹,

Kawahara²,

Mizutani³

et al. 2007

jjap

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Raman amplification has emerged as a useful tool for extending the span length and increasing the capacity of fiber transmission systems. [1][2][3][4][5] Pure Raman or hybrid Raman/erbium amplification has been suggested as a key way to improve the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) in wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems. Repeaterless transmission technologies have received much attention because of the elimination of repeater costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, repeater spacing is a key factor in the design of transmission systems, but long spacing is technically challenging. 4) Recently, more and more transmission systems with bidirectionally pumping structures have been reported, because bidirectionally pumping schemes can improve OSNR and extend the fiber span. For example, bidirectionally pumped Raman amplification had allowed a record repeaterless WDM transmission distance of over 240 km in ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fast and Effective Analysis Methods for Fiber Raman Amplifiers

Liu¹

2006

jjap

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A series of new single-step methods and their corresponding algorithms with automatic step size adjustment for model equations of fiber Raman amplifiers are proposed and compared in this paper. On the basis of the Newton–Raphson method, multiple shooting algorithms for the two-point boundary value problems involved in solving Raman amplifier propagation equations are constructed. A verified example shows that, compared with the traditional Runge–Kutta methods, the proposed methods can increase the accuracy by more than two orders of magnitude under the same conditions. The simulations for Raman amplifier propagation equations demonstrate that our methods can increase the computing speed by more than 5 times, extend the step size significantly, and improve the stability in comparison with the Dormand–Prince method. The numerical results show that the combination of the multiple shooting algorithms and the proposed methods has the capacity to rapidly and effectively solve the model equations of multipump Raman amplifiers under various conditions such as co-, counter- and bi-directionally pumped schemes, as well as dual-order pumped schemes.

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16×42.8 Gb/s unrepeated transmission over 200 km of standard single-mode fiber by using an electroabsorption modulator

Lee

2005

Opt. Eng

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Bidirectional 32×43 Gbit/s unrepeatered transmission over 200 km with band-interleaved Raman amplification

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Diffusion Control Techniques for TiN Stacked Metal Gate Electrodes for p-Type Metal Insulator Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors

Diffusion Control Techniques for TiN Stacked Metal Gate Electrodes for p-Type Metal Insulator Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors

Fast and Effective Analysis Methods for Fiber Raman Amplifiers

16×42.8 Gb/s unrepeated transmission over 200 km of standard single-mode fiber by using an electroabsorption modulator

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