Bidirectional AC–DC Modular Multilevel Converter With Electric Spring Functions for Stabilizing Renewable AC Power Grid at the Distribution Voltage Level

Lam, Hin Sang; Yuan, Hao; Tan, Siew‐Chong; Mi, Chris; Pou, Josep; Hui, S.Y.R.

doi:10.1109/jestpe.2022.3173809

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…F I G U R E 2 Smart load on the side of the G-ES and i a is the current on the resistor of the critical section feeder. s is the bipolar-modulated binary logic switching function, as shown in (4).…”

Section: A Modeling Approach Based On Hamilton's Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] The vigorous development of ES has contributed to the high proportion of renewable energy use. 4 In recent years, research has focused on designing ES topologies with varying functionality to suit different scenarios. Reference [5] proposes an ES structure with non-critical loads removed, which improves the operating range of the ES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, renewable energy power generation technology has attracted the attention of all countries 1–3 . The vigorous development of ES has contributed to the high proportion of renewable energy use 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research on the working mode, working state, and control strategies of generalized electric spring

Wang,

Chen,

Huang

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SummaryThe advantage of a generalized electric spring (G‐ES) is that it solves the redundancy problem of a conventional electric spring (ES) in the face of critical load clusters. This paper first introduces Hamilton's principle into the G‐ES, derives the mathematical model of the G‐ES, and further introduces the topology of the G‐ES. Next, the working modes and working states of the G‐ES are defined. The working modes are used to reflect the combination of ES power inside the G‐ES, and the power conditions in specific working modes are described using a phase diagram. Then, the paper analyses the power case of the G‐ES to the external system, giving the respective working states according to their internal working modes. Finally, this paper introduces PQ control to the control strategy of the G‐ES and achieves control of the G‐ES working mode and its working state. The results of the study show that there are 100 working modes of the G‐ES, and 76 working modes have a specific working state. The correctness of the working mode and working state analysis is verified with the help of the MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experiment.

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Section: A Modeling Approach Based On Hamilton's Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research on the working mode, working state, and control strategies of generalized electric spring

Wang,

Chen,

Huang

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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show abstract

“…The UTFS can approximate the CMF by simplifying the calculation of the frequency response parameters of the different power devices. It is worth noting that the new energy storage systems, such as electric spring installations in [18,19], account for a relatively small proportion, and when analyzing system frequency responses based on UTFS, it does not take them into account.…”

Section: 2 the Frequency Response Model For Frequency Security Assess...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where ρ, R, v, C P , β and w r are the air density, blade length, wind speed, wind power coefficient, pitch angle and rotor speed, respectively. When the DFIGs participate in the frequency response with the virtual inertial and virtual droop control, the power reference P ref is as follows [18]:…”

Section: The Frequency Response Parameters Of Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Frequency Security Assessment of Modern Power System Considering All the Three Indicators in Primary Frequency Response

Tang,

Qi,

Liu

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The primary frequency response scale is deteriorating in the modern power system due to the high penetration of different power devices. Frequency security assessments are essential for the operation or stability-checking of the power system. Firstly, this paper establishes the Unified Transfer Function Structure (UTFS) of power systems with highly penetrated wind turbines. Based on the UTFS, this paper analyzes the three indicators of the primary frequency responses. Secondly, to better assess the security of the frequency, the secondary frequency drop (SFD) is avoided, with the frequency response parameters of the wind turbines calculated. Moreover, considering all three indicators of the primary frequency response, this paper proposes a frequency security margin index (FSMI). The FSMI divides the system stability margin into three levels, quantitively and linearly representing the frequency response capability of different power devices. Finally, to show the effectiveness and practicability of the FSMI, this paper establishes a simulation model with high wind energy penetration, including four machines and four zones in DigSILENT. Based on the FSMI, the frequency stability margins in different typical operating scenarios are divided into three zones: “Absolut secure”, “Secure” and “Relative secure”. The FSMI also shows the dominant frequency stability problem and the risk of system frequency instability for each zone. Considering the checking principles, the frequency stability margin is equivalently expanded by calculating the energy storage’s minimum frequency response capacity.

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Predictive direct power control with phase‐locked loop technique of three‐level neutral point clamped inverter based shunt active power filter for power quality improvement

Debdouche,

Benbouhenni,

Deffaf

et al. 2024

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SummaryIn this study, an improved anti‐windup proportional‐integral predictive direct power control strategy with a phase‐locked loop (PLL) is proposed and applied to a three‐level shunt active power filter (SAPF) neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter using space vector modulation (SVM) technique. The SAPF has to ensure sinusoidal waveforms and unity power factor in the grid side, by eliminating harmonic currents and compensating reactive power of the nonlinear loads. Active and reactive powers as well as the DC bus voltage controls are performed using anti‐windup proportional and integral actions with a predictive algorithm, without a need for an exhaustive mathematical model. The control law is modulated using the SVM technique allowing fixed switching frequency and low power ripples. The performances of the suggested control have been verified through an electronic STM32F407 card under diverse and severe conditions. The obtained results confirmed the expected objectives in terms of current and voltage quality, robustness, and dynamic response.

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Bidirectional AC–DC Modular Multilevel Converter With Electric Spring Functions for Stabilizing Renewable AC Power Grid at the Distribution Voltage Level

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Research on the working mode, working state, and control strategies of generalized electric spring

Research on the working mode, working state, and control strategies of generalized electric spring

Quantitative Frequency Security Assessment of Modern Power System Considering All the Three Indicators in Primary Frequency Response

Predictive direct power control with phase‐locked loop technique of three‐level neutral point clamped inverter based shunt active power filter for power quality improvement

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