Bidirectional gut-brain-microbiota axis as a potential link between inflammatory bowel disease and ischemic stroke

Zhao, Liang; Xiong, Qiutang; Stary, Creed M.; Mahgoub, Omer Kamal; Ye, Yingze; Gu, Lijuan; Xiong, Xiao-Qing; Zhu, Suwen

doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1382-3

Cited by 96 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…In the intestinal tract, intestinal dysfunction after stroke is characterized by a decrease in the number of beneficial cells in the intestine and an increase in the opportunistic bacteria count. Abnormal bacterial metabolites can also affect the immune response which in turn may adversely affect recovery from stroke (Winek et al, 2016; Arya and Hu, 2018; Zhao et al, 2018; Table 1).…”

Section: Exosomes In Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Exosomes in Central Nervous System Diseases

Liu

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2019

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

182

131

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There are many types of intercellular communication, and extracellular vesicles are one of the important forms of this. They are released by a variety of cell types, are heterogeneous, and can roughly be divided into microvesicles and exosomes according to their occurrence and function. Of course, exosomes do not just play a role in cell-to-cell communication. In the nervous system, exosomes can participate in intercellular communication, maintain the myelin sheath, and eliminate waste. Similarly, exosomes in the brain can play a role in central nervous system diseases, such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), prion disease, and traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), with both positive and negative effects (such as the transfer of misfolded proteins). Exosomes contain a variety of key bioactive substances and can therefore be considered as a snapshot of the intracellular environment. Studies have shown that exosomes from the central nervous system can be found in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral body fluids, and that their contents will change with disease occurrence. Because exosomes can penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and are highly stable in peripheral circulation, they can protect disease-related molecules well and therefore, using exosomes as a biomarker of central nervous system diseases is an attractive prospect as they can be used to monitor disease development and enable early diagnosis and treatment optimization. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of exosomes, and introduce their pathophysiological roles in different diseases of the central nervous system as well as their roles and applications as a viable pathological biomarker.

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Section: Exosomes In Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Exosomes in Central Nervous System Diseases

Liu

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2019

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

182

131

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“…Cortisol in turn affects various immune cells (including cytokine secretion) locally in the gut, subsequently inducing changes to microbiota composition, and increasing the gastrointestinal permeability (de Punder and Pruimboom, 2015;Kelly et al, 2015;Farzi et al, 2018). Hence, an exceedingly complex array of signaling systems, all interlinked, lies between the brain and gut in the "top-down" concept (Aziz and Thompson, 1998;Collins and Bercik, 2009;O'Mahony et al, 2009;Forsythe et al, 2014;Khlevner et al, 2018;Weltens et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2018). The CNS is well shielded by the BBB, the major site of blood-CNS exchange.…”

Section: Main Findings Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Brain-to-Gut Axis Exposed to Chronic CNS Bacterial Infection(s) and a Predictive Urinary Metabolic Profile of a Brain Infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

et al. 2020

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Frontiers in Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org April 2020 | Volume 14 | Article 296 Isaiah et al.CSF Metabolic Response to Mycobacterium effects expected, predicting pivotal altered metabolic pathways that would be reflected in the urinary profiles of TBM subjects. Our cascading metabolic model should be adjustable to account for other types of CNS bacterial infection(s) associated with chronic neuroinflammation, typically prevalent, and difficult to distinguish from TBM, in the resource-constrained settings of poor communities.

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“…Given the bidirectional nature of the gut-brain axis theory [36], it is worth considering that the gradual loss of brain function may in turn reshape the gut microbiota, rather than the traditional theory that gut microbiota dysbiosis results in neuro-degeneration [37,38]. Interestingly Ruggiero et al argued that the concept of brain dysbiosis should be evaluated, together with the concept of gut dysbiosis [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-uinform gut microbiota alteration patterns associated with therapeutic outcomes in an Alzheimer's disease animal model

Wang¹,

Amakye²,

Cao³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with the progression of beta-amyloid (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We aimed to identify uniform Aβ-responsible gut microbiota status as possible guideline for gut microbiota manipulation and the prediction of outcomes of microbiota targeted treatments. Six months old APP/PS1 mice from the same genetic background, housing and feeding conditions were then daily gavage with Metformin, peptides WN5 or PW5 to manipulate the gut microbiota for 12 weeks. Aβ pathology and gut microbiota were then explored and compared. Results: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a 16 month old APP/PS1 mouse reconstituted the gut microbiota towards the donor and increased Aβ pathology in APP/PS1 mouse model. Metformin, peptides WN5 and PW5 all attenuated Aβ-plaque formation in APP/PS1 mouse model but each was associated with distinct gut microbiota status. No uniform gut microbiota pattern associated with Aβ pathology was found among different gut microbiota-targeted treatments. Conclusion: We found no uniform gut microbiota status associated with Aβ pathology suggesting gut microbiota status is not a suitable biomarker for AD diagnosis and treatment predictions. Alteration of gut microbiota in itself may not be sufficiently directly related to functional outcomes and might only be a shadow of deeper molecular mechanisms not fully understood. The findings here strongly suggested that the significance of gut microbiota alteration in disease pathology and treatment may have so far been over claimed and that interpretation of gut microbiota data should be done with utmost caution.

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Bidirectional gut-brain-microbiota axis as a potential link between inflammatory bowel disease and ischemic stroke

Cited by 96 publications

References 95 publications

Role of Exosomes in Central Nervous System Diseases

Role of Exosomes in Central Nervous System Diseases

Overview of Brain-to-Gut Axis Exposed to Chronic CNS Bacterial Infection(s) and a Predictive Urinary Metabolic Profile of a Brain Infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Non-uinform gut microbiota alteration patterns associated with therapeutic outcomes in an Alzheimer's disease animal model

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