Bidirectional interconversion of microwave and light with thin-film lithium niobate

Xu, Yuntao; Sayem, Ayed Al; Fan, Linran; Zou, Chang‐Ling; Wang, Sihao; Cheng, Risheng; Fu, Wei; Yang, Likai; Xu, Mingrui; Tang, Hong X.

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24809-y

Cited by 78 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This work provides a fundamental limit of transducer capacities in terms of coupling strength, and offers a quantitative comparison for direct transducers across platforms that consolidates distinct metrics of 7/16 efficiency, bandwidth, and added thermal noise. Our method can be directly extended to transducers with intrinsic losses by considering the dependence of the conversion efficiency η N on the intrinsic dissipation rates 12,39 . Intriguing future works include exploring bosonic encodings, such as GKP codes 41 , to approach the quantum capacity bound and investigating superadditivity of general quantum capacities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We are interested in how the quantum capacities of transducers Q 1 and Q 2 are limited by the physical parameters of the transduction platform. Consider the generic model of direct quantum transducer [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] implemented by a coupled bosonic chain with N+2 bosonic modes m j , where the two end modes, m1 = â and mN+2 = b, are coupled to external signal input and output ports at rates κ 1 = κ a and κ N+2 = κ b respectively (see fig. 1(b)).…”

Section: Physical Limit On the Quantum Capacities Of Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coherent quantum conversion can be realized by propagating bosonic signals from mode â (at frequency ω a ) to mode b (at frequency ω b ) through N intermediate stages, and we call this interface a N-stage quantum transducer. The conversion efficiency of a N-stage transducer is a frequency-dependent function determined by system parameters 12,39 ,…”

Section: Physical Limit On the Quantum Capacities Of Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-performance quantum transducers are the key to realize quantum networks [4][5][6][7] by interconnecting local quantum processors, such as microwave superconducting systems 8,9 , with long-range quantum communication carriers, such as optical fibers 10 . Tremendous progress has been made in a variety of coherent platforms for microwave-to-optical [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] , microwave-to-microwave 24,25 , and optical-to-optical [26][27][28] frequency conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum Capacities of Transducers

Wang¹,

Li²,

Jiang³

2022

Preprint

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High-performance quantum transducers, which can faithfully convert quantum information between disparate physical carriers, are essential elements in quantum science and technology. To assess their ability to coherently transfer quantum information, quantum transducers are typically characterized by different figures of merit including conversion efficiency, bandwidth, and added noise. Here we utilize the concept of quantum capacity, the highest achievable qubit communication rate through a channel, to quantify the performance of a transducer. By evaluating the continuous-time quantum capacity across the conversion band, quantum capacity can serve as a single metric that unifies various desirable criteria of a transducer -high efficiency, large bandwidth, and low noise. Moreover, using the quantum capacities of bosonic pure-loss channels as benchmarks, we investigate the optimal designs of generic quantum transduction schemes implemented by transmitting external signals through a coupled bosonic chain. Under the physical constraint of a bounded maximal coupling rate g max , the highest continuous-time quantum capacity Q max ≈ 31.4g max is achieved by transducers with a maximally flat conversion frequency response, analogous to Butterworth electric filters. We further extend our method to include thermal noise by considering upper and lower bounds on the quantum capacities of transducers and characterize the performance of maximally flat transducers under the effect of thermal loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Limit On the Quantum Capacities Of Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Limit On the Quantum Capacities Of Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum Capacities of Transducers

Wang¹,

Li²,

Jiang³

2022

Preprint

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“…The converter discussed here involves an optical resonator interacting with the W-band signal of interest, as well as with a monochromatic optical carrier. The microwave signal is upconverted to the optical frequency domain and is processed optically [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Since the optical parts have small sizes and are characterized by low attenuation and negligible thermal noise, the entire photonic system has much smaller dimensions, as well as superior performance, compared to a pure electronic implementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

W-Band Photonic Receiver for Compact Cloud Radars

Strekalov

Majurec

Matsko

et al. 2022

Sensors

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We introduce an RF-photonics receiver concept enabling the next generation of ultra-compact millimeter wave radars suitable for cloud and precipitation profiling, planetary boundary layer observations, altimetry and surface scattering measurements. The RF-photonics receiver architecture offers some compelling advantages over traditional electronic implementations, including a reduced number of components and interfaces, leading to reduced size, weight and power (SWaP), as well as lower system noise, leading to improved sensitivity. Low instrument SWaP with increased sensitivity makes this approach particularly attractive for compact space-borne radars. We study the photonic receiver front-end both analytically and numerically and predict the feasibility of the greater than unity photonic gain and lower than ambient effective noise temperature of the device. The receiver design is optimized for W-band (94 GHz) radars, which are generally assessed to be the primary means for observing clouds in the free troposphere as well as planetary boundary layer from space.

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Improving Linewidth and Extinction Ratio Performances of Lithium Niobate Ring Modulator Using Ring‐Pair Structure

Hou

Xing

et al. 2023

Advanced Photonics Research

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Electro-optic modulators (EOMs) convert high-speed electronic signals into optical signals. Such devices are of paramount significance to practical applications in telecommunication networks, [1][2][3] microwave signal processing, [4,5] and emerging applications such as quantum information [6] and optical sensors, [7,8] etc. The migration of EOMs to integrated devices is motivated by the demand for better-performance modulators with large bandwidth, low drive voltage, high extinction ratio, compact footprint, and the compatibility with large-scale integration. These requirements have resulted in the rapid development of EOMs based on many photonic platforms, including silicon, [9] indium phosphide, [10] discrete lithium niobate (LN), [11,12] and plasmonics. [13] While the EOMs have been greatly improved in the above platforms, the realization of a modulator that concurrently satisfies all necessary performance features is still challenging due to the limited electro-optic performance of the platform materials. For example, silicon is known as a significant photonics platform due to its excellent scalability and mature CMOS fabrication infrastructure. However, the implementation of electro-optic effect in silicon heavily relies on the doped free carrier, and the lack of intrinsic electro-optic effect of silicon prevents its further applications for high-speed systems with required bandwidth and low-power consumption.Recently, the thin-film LN on the insulator platform has emerged as a practical solution for high-performance electrooptic photonic devices. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Importantly, the thin-film LN platform combines the excellent electro-optic properties of bulk LN with advantages of photonic films such as a high index contrast and tightly confined modes. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Although high-performance EOM systems with low drive voltage and ultrahigh bandwidth have been experimentally demonstrated using Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) on thin-film LN, [27,30,36] the centimeter length of the MZI devices presents a big challenge for applications in large-scale integrated optical interconnection systems.To further reduce the footprint of a modulator, resonant ring modulators have been widely studied. Ring modulators are key components in short-range optical interconnects due to their low operating voltage, compact size, and compatibility with CMOS circuit drivers. Micrometer-sized EOMs based on microring

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Bidirectional interconversion of microwave and light with thin-film lithium niobate

Cited by 78 publications

References 54 publications

Quantum Capacities of Transducers

Quantum Capacities of Transducers

W-Band Photonic Receiver for Compact Cloud Radars

Improving Linewidth and Extinction Ratio Performances of Lithium Niobate Ring Modulator Using Ring‐Pair Structure

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