Bifacial Color‐Tunable Transparent Photovoltaics for Application as Building‐Integrated Photovoltaics

Abstract

Transparent photovoltaics (TPVs) have attracted enormous attention due to their potential to be applied as building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Transparent and semitransparent photovoltaics have achieved a high level of efficiency, but there are still a number of issues that limit their application, such as their device size, lack of stability, and transmittance in the visible wavelength region. The excellent color implementation of a bifacial color‐tunable (BCT) TPV by tuning the indium tin oxide (ITO) thickness is demonstrated. The BCT TPV has a bifacial factor of 97.2% while maintaining an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 41.6%. The use of a 16 cm2 large‐scale TPV device using a dry plasma fabrication process is also demonstrated. This dry process enables large‐scale device production and ensures long‐term device stability. The efficiency improvement with various background colors (blue 14%, red 25%, and white 35%) without any additional installation on the device is also confirmed. The BCT TPV is a promising candidate for BIPV applications due to its wide range of color tunability and excellent double‐sided photovoltaic operation, even under an indoor artificial light.

Transparent Photovoltaics for Self-Powered Bioelectronics and Neuromorphic Applications

“…As presented in Figure c, the gradient energy band dictates the extension of the space-charge region with the graded energy potential, resulting in the smooth movement of carriers. A TPV with an embedded Si thin film has been demonstrated (100 cm 2 ), which is close to the practical use of TPVs on-site and offers fine-tuning of TPV colors …”

“…The continuous and rapid exchange of information between the sensors and the neurons allows humans to perform multiple functions simultaneously. The number of neurons and synapses in the adult brain is estimated to be around 10 10 and 10 15 , respectively. ,, Spiking neurons, the primitive element of biological neural networks, are also the primary signaling unit of the nervous system. The presence of ion channels (for instance, Ca 2+ or K + ; see Figure b) assists the spike transduction across the cell membrane, where the information is collected by the dendrite (input connection network) and travels further through the axon (output connection), which transports the electrical signals in neural circuits.…”

“…A TPV with an embedded Si thin film has been demonstrated (100 cm 2 ), which is close to the practical use of TPVs on-site 1 and offers fine-tuning of TPV colors. 49 Technological advancements in these materials, such as doping and thickness control at a wafer-scale and highperforming TPV devices, can be integrated with CMOS devices to produce sustainable neuromorphic chips. 47,48 The extended space-charge width of the p-i-n structure in such materials leads to excellent optical absorption and high performance and color control (Figure 2c).…”

Large-Scale Transparent Photovoltaics for a Sustainable Energy Future: Review of Inorganic Transparent Photovoltaics

“…Furthermore, the device generated an output power of 6 mW under UV light (𝜆 of ~365 nm and I of ~70 mW/cm 2 ). Kim et al [15,79,80] demonstrated an Si-embedded TPV with a device configuration of glass/FTO/AZO (10 nm)/ZnO (400 nm)/Si (15 nm)/NiO (80 nm), wherein the Si thin films were deposited using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (Fig. 6).…”

Ultrathin a‐Si:H/Oxide Transparent Solar Cells Exhibiting UV‐Blue Selective‐Like Absorption

“…Recently, new published works have shown that by embedding ultrathin a-Si:H layers in oxide-based devices, it was possible to increase significantly the PCE while maintaining high AVT and CRI values. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] In this work, transparent PV cells based on ultrathin intrinsic a-Si:H and oxide-based charge-transport layers (CTLs) are presented. The a-Si:H films have been studied in detail via optical characterization techniques including photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) as well as UV-visible-near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometry.…”