Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494 Restores Gut Barrier Permeability in Chronically Low-Grade Inflamed Mice

Abstract

Growing evidence supports the efficacy of many probiotic strains in the management of gastrointestinal disorders associated with deregulated intestinal barrier function and/or structure. In particular, bifidobacteria have been studied for their efficacy to both prevent and treat a broad spectrum of animal and/or human gut disorders. The aim of the current work was thus to evaluate effects on intestinal barrier function of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494, a strain used in fermented dairy products. A chronic dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced low-grade inflammation model causing gut dysfunction in mice was used in order to study markers of inflammation, intestinal permeability, and immune function in the presence of the bacterial strain. In this chronic low-grade inflammation mice model several parameters pointed out the absence of an over active inflammation process. However, gut permeability, lymphocyte populations, and colonic cytokines were found to be altered. B. animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494 was able to protect barrier functions by restoring intestinal permeability, colonic goblet cell populations, and cytokine levels. Furthermore, tight junction (TJ) proteins levels were also measured by qRT-PCR showing the ability of this strain to specifically normalize the level of several TJ proteins, in particular for claudin-4. Finally, B. lactis strain counterbalanced CD4+ lymphocyte alterations in both spleen and mesenteric lymphoid nodes. It restores the Th1/Th2 ratio altered by the DNBS challenge (which locally augments CD4+ Th1 cells) by increasing the Th2 response as measured by the increase in the production of major representative Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10). Altogether, these data suggest that B. animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494 may efficiently prevent disorders associated with increased barrier permeability.

The potential probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 strain protects the intestinal barrier by stimulating both mucus production and cytoprotective response

“…The transcriptome analysis also revealed that CNCM I-3690 upregulated the amino acid transporter SLC7A7. The resulting increased availability of amino acids can promote the growth of intestinal epithelial cells and improve absorption 36,37 .…”

The effect of probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria on the Th1 and Th2 type cytokines production in intravaginal staphylococcosis in mice

“…Instead, B. animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494 in the case of chronic dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced low-grade inflammation model in mice balanced the Th1/Th2 ratio by increasing the production of Th2 type cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 [31]. Therefore, comprehensive studies of probiotic bacteria immunomodulatory action under various pathologies are necessary.…”

Investigation of diet - microbiota interactions as affected by the carbohydrate intake of healthy human subjects

“…This type of an approach is being increasingly used to establish how either specific microbes or microbial consortia contribute to the onset of noncommunicable metabolic and immune-mediated diseases (22,23). Additionally, the benefits of existing and candidate next-generation probiotic strains, in terms of their capacity to attenuate inflammation and/or positively affect barrier function and host metabolism (eg, Bifidobacterium spp, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila), are being examined by their introduction to either germ-free or conventionally reared mice (24)(25)(26). Table 1.1 provides a summary of some recent advances in the understanding of how diet and the gut bacteria, from ecologic, metabolic and immunomodulatory contexts, can affect gut function and health.…”

“…cancer (CRC), colitis and obesity (24,28,(33)(34)(35). Reduction in fungal diversity have also been reported in IBS subjects as compared to the healthy subjects (52).…”

“…According to the latest definition proposed by Gibson et al, prebiotics refer to "a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit" (137) (23,24) and these approaches have recently been adapted for use with human stool samples (53). In that context, recent studies suggest that the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota phyla are dominant in the gut of healthy human subjects (149,150).…”