The potential probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 strain protects the intestinal barrier by stimulating both mucus production and cytoprotective response

Abstract

The gut barrier plays an important role in human health. When barrier function is impaired, altered permeability and barrier dysfunction can occur, leading to inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome or obesity. Several bacteria, including pathogens and commensals, have been found to directly or indirectly modulate intestinal barrier function. The use of probiotic strains could be an important landmark in the management of gut dysfunction with a clear impact on the general population. Previously, we found that Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 can protect intestinal barrier functions in mice inflammation model. Here, we investigated its mechanism of action. Our results show that CNCM I-3690 can (i) physically maintain modulated goblet cells and the mucus layer and (ii) counteract changes in local and systemic lymphocytes. Furthermore, mice colonic transcriptome analysis revealed that CNCM I-3690 enhances the expression of genes related to healthy gut permeability: motility and absorption, cell proliferation; and protective functions by inhibiting endogenous proteases. Finally, SpaFED pili are clearly important effectors since an L. rhamnosus ΔspaF mutant failed to provide the same benefits as the wild type strain. Taken together, our data suggest that CNCM I-3690 restores impaired intestinal barrier functions via anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective responses.

Safety and functional enrichment of gut microbiome in healthy subjects consuming a multi-strain fermented milk product: a randomised controlled trial

“…L. paracasei CNCM I-3689 decreased the translocation and dissemination of Listeria monocytogenes 15 , induced the clearance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci 16 and promoted the resilience of some members of the microbiota following exposure to an antibiotic challenge in mice 16 . In addition, L. rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 counteracted the increase in intestinal permeability induced by mild inflammation 18,19 , and prevented blooms of the pathobiont Bilophila wadsworthia and related deleterious host metabolic effects in mice fed with a high-fat diet 17 . Moreover, L. paracasei CNCM I-1518, modulated the activity of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in an in vitro gut model 20 .…”

“…A product containing yogurt and three probiotic candidate strains, Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-3689, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 and Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1518, combined in a fermented milk matrix, was designed. Several preclinical studies have suggested that these three strains could modulate the gut barrier and/or the gut microbiota [15][16][17][18][19] . L. paracasei CNCM I-3689 decreased the translocation and dissemination of Listeria monocytogenes 15 , induced the clearance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci 16 and promoted the resilience of some members of the microbiota following exposure to an antibiotic challenge in mice 16 .…”

Bacterial Biodiversity of Extra Virgin Olive Oils and Their Potential Biotechnological Exploitation

“…Finally, it is important to call attention to the ability of L. rhamnosus to form a biofilm. It is well documented that the ability to adhere to mammalian tissues constitutes a crucial feature that potential probiotic bacteria must exhibit if they are to adapt to the gastrointestinal tract [64]. The strain of L. rhamnosus isolated here (as described later on), however, showed no resistance to acid or bile salts.…”

“…The ability of some microorganisms to form biofilms has generated much debate about the potential threat that these microorganisms, in this case bacteria, may pose to human health. In fact, while microbial adherence, in particular adherence to plastic or human tissues, is widely considered a threat for human health in terms of it providing a route to pathogenic contamination (for example, via indwelling medical devices such as urinary catheters), it is also seen as a highly positive trait, especially for probiotic microorganisms able to adhere to and persist in the gastro-intestinal tract [64]. Of the bacteria isolated in this work, the following showed strong biofilm formation ability: Eight strains of B. amyloliquefaciens, four strains of B. agri, one strain of B. subtilis, one strain of Br.…”

Intestinal epithelial cells: at the interface of the microbiota and mucosal immunity

“…A number of bacterial species have been shown to modulate mucin secretion by goblet cells. For example, commensal Ruminococcus gnavus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus stimulate the production of mucins, while pathogenic microbes including adherent and invasive Escherichia coli promote a less effective mucus barrier . In a recent study, Amuc_1100, a membrane protein from commensal Akkermansia muciniphila , was shown to interact with the PRR Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) to increase intestinal barrier function, namely mucus thickness and tight junction protein (TJP) expression …”