Bilateral Acanthamoeba Keratitis After Orthokeratology

Abstract

Acanthamoeba keratitis can simultaneously affect both eyes during overnight orthokeratology.

The rising tide of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Auckland, New Zealand: a 7‐year review of presentation, diagnosis and outcomes (2009–2016)

“…Bilateral AK is relatively rare with only a few reported cases in the literature all noting associated CL use. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Most case reports of bilateral AK were associated with soft CL use with the largest case series involving bilateral AK in five patients in the USA, 19 however, one case has been previously reported involving rigid gas permeable CLs. 25 Although the risk of AK may be higher with certain types of CLs such as first generation silicone hydrogel CLs, 26 CLs of any sort constitute a significant risk factor for AK and include cosmetic and orthokeratology CLs [27][28][29][30] as evidenced by the single case of cosmetic-CL related AK noted in the current study.…”

The Development of Drugs against Acanthamoeba Infections

“…For example, paromomycin sulfate (inhibitor of the initiation and elongation steps of protein synthesis) has been shown to exhibit amoebistatic, amoebicidal, and cysticidal properties at more than 100 g per ml (33,40,54). Tobramycin (inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes and preventing mRNA translation, leading to cell death) has shown amoebicidal properties at more than 250 g per ml (25,80).…”

Short-Term Effects of Overnight Orthokeratology on Corneal Epithelial Permeability and Biomechanical Properties

“…Until recently, not much had been reported of incidence or prevalence of ocular complications or ocular surface integrity associated with OOK, except for case reports of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acanthamoeba infections associated with this treatment. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Recent studies that compared OOK lens wearers to both nonlens wearers and 30-day continuous-wear silicone hydrogel lens wearers reported that, after 12 months, the greatest increases in tear film concentrations of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP-9], and epidermal growth factor) were in the OOK group. 10,11 Of most interest is MMP-9, which is believed to be responsible for the desquamation of differentiated apical corneal epithelial cells that express the tight junction protein, occludin.…”