Bilateral deficit between concentric and isometric muscle actions

Botton, Cíntia Ehlers; Radaelli, Régis; Wilhelm, Eurico Nestor; Silva, Bruna G.C.; Brown, Lee E.; Pinto, Ronei Silveira

doi:10.3233/ies-130492

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Some investigators have suggested that reduced capacity to recruit fast-twitch fibers may cause this deficit [ 30 , 32 ]. Other authors indicated the neural factor, related to the reduction in the recruitment of motor units and consequent limb torque generation, resulted in a decreased linear relationship between torque and electrical muscle activity in the bilateral condition [ 21 , 23 , 29 ]. Furthermore, Botton et al [ 21 ] found a greater sum of the peak torque produced unilaterally compared with the peak torque produced bilaterally, possibly because of a neural inhibition that occurs during the bilateral condition, which inhibits maximal torque production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially, the isometric test is very useful to measure the B/U, because it minimizes extraneous factors such as change in muscle length and velocity of the movement [ 20 ]. Some investigations presented the isometric B/U and the isokinetic B/U of the knee extensors in untrained subjects [ 21 – 24 ]. Other studies focused on the B/U evaluation in weightlifters and cyclists [ 25 ] and in rowers with different levels of competition [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A bilateral deficit occurs when the bilateral strength is lower than the summed unilateral strength. Several studies have demonstrated the bilateral deficit (i.e., B/U < 100%) in different populations [ 20 , 27 ], age groups (young, middle-aged, old adults) [ 23 , 24 ], muscle groups (lower vs. upper extremities) [ 28 ] and actions [ 21 , 29 – 31 ]. This deficit may result from a reduced motor unit stimulation and reduced capacity to recruit fast-twitch fibers [ 30 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knee strength ratios in competitive female athletes

Kabaciński¹,

Murawa²,

Maćkała

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Knee strength ratios are related to the movement patterns, sport-specific training and knee injuries in athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratios in the concentric isokinetic strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps and the isometric strength of the knee extensors. In female basketball players (n = 14) and female volleyball players (n = 12) were evaluated: the hamstrings to quadriceps peak torque ratio (H/Q) and side-to-side peak torque ratio (TR) for hamstrings and quadriceps; the ratio of the maximal bilateral strength to the summed maximal unilateral strength (B/U) and side-to-side maximal strength ratio (SR) for knee extensors. For the H/Q values, a 2 × 2 × 3 mixed-factorial analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were computed. The H/Q values increased from 48.0 (3.9)% at 60°/s to 70.4 (7.9)% at 300°/s. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the H/Q values between 300°/s and 180°/s, 300°/s and 60°/s in basketball and volleyball athletes, and between 180°/s and 60°/s only in basketball athletes (p < .05). Significantly higher H/Q results at 60°/s demonstrated basketball players than volleyball players (p < .05). Differences in the TR and SR mean values ranged from 4.4% to 8.6% and indicated no significant side-to-side strength deficits (p > .05). In both groups, greater isometric strength developed bilaterally was found (B/U > 100%). The findings revealed the magnitude of knee strength ratios in female athletes determined by sport-specific movements in basketball and volleyball. This study highlighted the importance of the bilateral strength deficit and muscular balance between the hamstrings and quadriceps in basketball and volleyball athletes in activities related to their movement patterns and specific training.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Knee strength ratios in competitive female athletes

Kabaciński¹,

Murawa²,

Maćkała

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…Thus, a true examination of the BLD is only possible when comparable bilateral and unilateral tasks have been completed (e.g., bilateral and unilateral countermovement jumps [CMJ]). The presence of the BLD has been demonstrated during isometric (5,6,18,24,28,29), isokinetic (8,12,13,19,24,40), explosive (4,9,10,30,31,33,39,40) and sport-related motor tasks (7). However, speculation still exists as to the underlying mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Deficit During Jumping Tasks: Relationship With Speed and Change of Direction Speed Performance

Bishop

Berney

Lake

et al. 2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Research to date has investigated the phenomenon of the bilateral deficit (BLD); however, limited research exists on its association with measures of athletic performance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the magnitude of the BLD and examine its relationship with linear speed and change of direction speed (CODS) performance. Eighteen physically active and healthy university students performed double and single leg countermovement jumps (CMJ), drop jumps (DJ) and standing broad jumps (SBJ), to calculate the BLD across jump tasks. Subjects also performed 10m and 30m sprints and a 505 CODS test, which were correlated with all BLD metrics. Results showed varying levels of BLD across CMJ metrics (jump height, peak force, eccentric impulse, concentric impulse, peak power), DJ metrics (ground contact time, flight time), and the SBJ (distance). However, a bilateral facilitation (BLF) was shown for jump height and reactive strength index (RSI) during the DJ test. The main findings of the present study were that: 1) a larger BLD in CMJ jump height related to a faster 505 change of direction (COD) (left leg) (r =-0.48; p = 0.04), 505 COD (right leg) (r =-0.53; p = 0.02) and COD deficit (right leg) (r =-0.59; p = 0.01), 2) a larger BLD in CMJ concentric impulse related to faster 505 COD (left leg) (r =-0.51; p = 0.03), 505 COD (right leg) (r =-0.64, p = 0.01) and COD deficit (right leg) (r =-0.60; p = 0.01), 3) a larger BLD in DJ flight time related to a faster 505 COD (left leg) (r =-0.48; p = 0.04). These results suggest that a larger BLD is associated with faster CODS performance, but not linear speed. This highlights the individual nature of the BLD and may support the notion of developing movement competency on one limb for enhanced CODS performance.

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“…When the sum of the force or power produced by each limb acting in the UL condition is larger than the force or power generated in the BL condition, it is defined as the bilateral deficit (BLD) phenomenon. [1][2][3]. The occurrence of the BLD has been showed in different contraction types: isokinetic [4,5], isometric [6] and specific sport-related motor tasks [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Deficit and Bilateral Performance: Relationship with Sprinting and Change of Direction in Elite Youth Soccer Players

Ascenzi

Ruscello

Filetti

et al. 2020

Sports

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The purpose of the study was to examine the differences in bilateral deficit (BLD) at different loadings during the half-squat jump (SJ) and horizontal countermovement jump (HCMJ) to determine if there is a relationship with linear sprint or change of direction (COD). The second goal was to check if fast players were more powerful in SJ and HCMJ than slow players in bilateral performance (BP). Twenty-seven male youth soccer players participated in the study. Players were divided in two groups, faster and slower, according to their sprint performance (10 and 40 m). BLD average power with body weight (BW) and 25%BW were significantly higher than 50%BW (p < 0.01). BLD during HCMJ was significantly higher than BLD during SJ with BW, 25%BW and 50%BW (p < 0.01). There were no statistical relationships between BLD and sprint or COD performance (p > 0.05). Fast players showed significantly higher SJ power with all the different loads and HCMJ than slow players (p < 0.01), and fast players lost more time executing COD-90° than slow players (p < 0.01). There were no statistical differences between fast and slow players in BLD. BLD seems to be dependent on motor task, contraction type and load and could not be a proper measure to estimate sprint and COD performance. Faster players are confirmed to be more powerful players than slow players, and decrements in COD could be a key benchmark to identify deficit between linear and COD performance.

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Bilateral deficit between concentric and isometric muscle actions

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Knee strength ratios in competitive female athletes

Knee strength ratios in competitive female athletes

Bilateral Deficit During Jumping Tasks: Relationship With Speed and Change of Direction Speed Performance

Bilateral Deficit and Bilateral Performance: Relationship with Sprinting and Change of Direction in Elite Youth Soccer Players

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