“…Presurgical planning using 3D-printing anatomical models has been adopted in veterinary medicine [4][5][6] and related research [7,8], particularly in orthopaedic surgery, thus improving surgeon con dence and reducing surgical time, the occurrence of surgical complications, and surgeons' exposure to radiation [4,6,8]. These studies have indicated that 3D-printed models are bene cial when used for managing complex cases and when used by inexperienced surgeons [4,6,9]. Additionally, 3D-printed bone models are suitable for presurgical rehearsals of plate contouring, osteotomy, and the design of surgical guides [4,6,7,9].…”