Bilateral Ulnar Nerve Blocks for the Evaluation of Local Anaesthetic Agents Iii Test With a New Agent Prilocaine, and With Lidocaine in Solutions With and Without Epinephrine

ALB??RT, J.; L??FSTR??M, B.

doi:10.1097/00132586-196610000-00053

Cited by 5 publications

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“…It is generally believed that epinephrine mediates this prolongation of local anesthetic action by its vasconstrictive action [3] . First, epinephrine may reduce the plasma concentration of local anesthetic and thus minimize the possibility of systemic toxicity [4] , and second, epinephrine potentiates peripheral nerve block [2,5,6] . Epinephrine may stimulate α-adrenoceptors receptors on the neural vasculature [7] , which leads to contraction of the vascular smooth muscle [8,9] , and reduction of both local blood flow and clearance of local anesthetic from the nerve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epinephrine, phenylephrine, and methoxamine induce infiltrative anesthesia via α1-adrenoceptors in rats

Shieh¹,

Chu²,

Wang³

et al. 2009

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: To assess whether epinephrine, phenylephrine, and methoxamine act via certain subtypes of adrenoceptors to exert their local anesthetic activity. Methods: We investigated cutaneous anesthesia from adrenoceptor agonists and/or antagonists in conscious, unanesthetized Sprague-Dawley male rats (weight 200−250 g). Cutaneous anesthesia was evidenced by a block of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex, which is characterized by reflex movement of the skin over the back produced by twitches of lateral thoracispinal muscles in response to local dorsal cutaneous noxious pinprick. Results: Local infiltration of epinephrine, L-phenylephrine, or methoxamine alone induces cutaneous anesthesia in rats in a dosedependent way. Epinephrine is found to be 19 and 29 times more potent than those of methoxamine and L-phenylephrine, respectively. The cutaneous anesthesia induced by epinephrine, phenylephrine, or methoxamine can be significantly reduced by α 1 -adrenoceptor antagonists (eg, prazosin), α1, α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, α 1A -adrenoceptor antagonist (eg, 5-methylurapdil), α 1B -adrenoceptor antagonist (eg, chloroethylclonidine), or α 1D -adrenoceptor antagonist (eg, BMY7873). Conclusion: Our results indicate that epinephrine, phenylephrine and methoxamine all act mainly via mixed subtypes of α 1 -adrenoceptors to induce cutaneous anesthesia in the rat.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epinephrine, phenylephrine, and methoxamine induce infiltrative anesthesia via α1-adrenoceptors in rats

Shieh¹,

Chu²,

Wang³

et al. 2009

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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“…The addition of adrenaline prolongs appreciably the duration of action of lignocaine, less so that of prilocaine and mepivacaine. A remarkably long duration of action was recorded with bupivacaine in 0.25 per cent solution, with or widiout the addition of adrenaline (Albert and Lofstrom, 1965a;Lofstrom et aL, 1969).…”

Section: The Evaluation Of Local Anaesthetic Agents: Blocking Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time of onset, duration of action and time of regression (that is the time from when analgesia begins to wane, until pain perception has returned) (cf. Albert and Lofstrom, 1965a, b) Moore et al, 1968a, and Anesthesiology. ) the addition of adrenaline to the local anaesthetic solution.…”

Section: The Evaluation Of Local Anaesthetic Agents: Blocking Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspects of the Pharmacology of Local Anaesthetic Agents

Löfström

1970

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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“…In fact, some anesthesia textbooks do not even list the relative potency [9,10] . To compare the effects of local anesthetic block in humans, some have used the median and ulnar nerves, but there is no standard or consensus technique for the assessment of in vivo potency [11,12] . This investigation was an attempt to determine the relative potency of chloroprocaine in sciatic nerve blocks in Sprague-Dawley rats.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Potency of Lidocaine and Chloroprocaine in Sciatic Nerve Block in Sprague-Dawley Rats

et al. 2009

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Aim: This study investigates the relative potencies and ED₅₀ of the local anesthetics lidocaine and chloroprocaine in a sciatic block in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The study involved 80 rats (chloroprocaine n = 40, lidocaine n = 40). Each rat was injected close to the sciatic nerve with 0.1 ml of the concentration of local anesthetic being tested. Using the up-and-down allocation technique, the next concentration was determined by the response of the previous subject to a higher or lower concentration. A successful block was assessed by pinching the fifth metatarsal. Absent vocalization and a very weak withdrawal response were defined as the onset of block. Results: Using the up-and-down methodology, the estimates of ED₅₀ for chloroprocaine was 0.1 ml of 1.2% (with 95% CI of 1.1–1.6), and that for lidocaine was 0.1 ml of 0.65% (with 95% CI of 0.65–0.88), giving a lidocaine/chloroprocaine potency ratio of 1.85 (with 95% CI of 1.66–2.61). Discussion: Using the results of this study, the effects of the two drugs can be compared using the commercially available concentrations of chloroprocaine and lidocaine in a peripheral nerve block.

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Bilateral Ulnar Nerve Blocks for the Evaluation of Local Anaesthetic Agents Iii Test With a New Agent Prilocaine, and With Lidocaine in Solutions With and Without Epinephrine

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Epinephrine, phenylephrine, and methoxamine induce infiltrative anesthesia via α1-adrenoceptors in rats

Epinephrine, phenylephrine, and methoxamine induce infiltrative anesthesia via α1-adrenoceptors in rats

Aspects of the Pharmacology of Local Anaesthetic Agents

Comparison of the Potency of Lidocaine and Chloroprocaine in Sciatic Nerve Block in Sprague-Dawley Rats

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