2014
DOI: 10.1021/jf504078v
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Bilberry Adulteration: Identification and Chemical Profiling of Anthocyanins by Different Analytical Methods

Abstract: Extracts of the bilberry fruit have protective effects against retinopathy and vascular complications; therefore, they are important ingredients in food supplements. Recently, there have been several reported cases of adulteration. Thus, to characterize the anthocyanin profile, and the relative percentages of these pigments, this study analyzed bilberry fruits from different countries by liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and a mass spectrometer detector. A total of 15 anthocyanins were id… Show more

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Cited by 31 publications
(33 citation statements)
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“…Recent research raised awareness of the importance [347,348] of anthocyanins in the diet. Anthocyanin identification is critical in adulteration and profiling [349,350] studies and in evaluating the quality of crude and processed food. The design of plant products with a high added value allows increasing the synthesis [351] of plant-derived food antioxidants and in particular anthocyanins.…”
Section: Final Commentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recent research raised awareness of the importance [347,348] of anthocyanins in the diet. Anthocyanin identification is critical in adulteration and profiling [349,350] studies and in evaluating the quality of crude and processed food. The design of plant products with a high added value allows increasing the synthesis [351] of plant-derived food antioxidants and in particular anthocyanins.…”
Section: Final Commentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, bilberry extracts have demonstrated both hypoglycaemic [6] and atheroprotective properties [7]. e ACNs content of fresh bilberries ranges from 0.1 to 1.3% [8,9], whereas commercial extracts are available in concentrations up to 36% ACNs. e most widely used dietary supplements are generally standardised to 25% ACNs, and this level of concentration (approximately 100 :1), coupled with the process used to manufacture a standardised high-quality extract, have made bilberry one of the most expensive natural extracts (600-1300 $ kg black soy hull [11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…e latter was an index of ACNs degradation due to incorrect processing or storage conditions. More recently, Gardana et al [9] analyzed 14 bilberry extracts and 12 finished products and found that approximately 50% of the extracts differed significantly from the reference bilberry, suggesting possible adulteration with extracts of mulberry and chokeberry. Moreover, approximately 60% of the extracts and 33% of the food supplements presented a lower anthocyanin content than declared.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The resulting profile includes 15 different anthocyanins. This complex fingerprint has frequently been used for authentication of bilberry products because they represent high-valued crops and adulteration is a common problem [7][8][9][10][11]. Variations of the anthocyanin profile are not exclusively the result of fraudulent practices, but also occur inevitably due to technological influences during the production process [12][13][14].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%