Bile acid–microbiota crosstalk in gastrointestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis: a role for bifidobacteria and lactobacilli?

Sánchez, Borja

doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2018.23

Cited by 74 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…and Bifidobacterium spp. have been utilized globally in fermented food products and commercially-produced food supplements [ 8 ]. As of July 2010, the genomic sequences of approximately 11 Bifidobacterium and 21 Lactobacillus species have been completely analyzed, whose microbial genomic sequences offer exact evidence of the probiotics’ genera and species [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Evaluations of Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI

Kim¹,

Kim³

et al. 2018

IJMS

105

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Over the past decade, a variety of lactic acid bacteria have been commercially available to and steadily used by consumers. However, recent studies have shown that some lactic acid bacteria produce toxic substances and display properties of virulence. To establish safety guidelines for lactic acid bacteria, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested that lactic acid bacteria be characterized and proven safe for consumers’ health via multiple experiments (e.g., antibiotic resistance, metabolic activity, toxin production, hemolytic activity, infectivity in immune-compromised animal species, human side effects, and adverse-outcome analyses). Among the lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species are probiotic strains that are most commonly commercially produced and actively studied. Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI have been used in global functional food markets (e.g., China, Germany, Jordan, Korea, Lithuania, New Zealand, Poland, Singapore, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam) as nutraceutical ingredients for decades, without any adverse events. However, given that the safety of some newly screened probiotic species has recently been debated, it is crucial that the consumer safety of each commercially utilized strain be confirmed. Accordingly, this paper details a safety assessment of B. bifidum BGN4 and B. longum BORI via the assessment of ammonia production, hemolysis of blood cells, biogenic amine production, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, antibiotic resistance gene transferability, PCR data on antibiotic resistance genes, mucin degradation, genome stability, and possession of virulence factors. These probiotic strains showed neither hemolytic activity nor mucin degradation activity, and they did not produce ammonia or biogenic amines (i.e., cadaverine, histamine or tyramine). B. bifidum BGN4 and B. longum BORI produced a small amount of putrescine, commonly found in living cells, at levels similar to or lower than that found in other foods (e.g., spinach, ketchup, green pea, sauerkraut, and sausage). B. bifidum BGN4 showed higher resistance to gentamicin than the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) cut-off. However, this paper shows the gentamicin resistance of B. bifidum BGN4 was not transferred via conjugation with L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, the latter of which is highly susceptible to gentamicin. The entire genomic sequence of B. bifidum BGN4 has been published in GenBank (accession no.: CP001361.1), documenting the lack of retention of plasmids capable of transferring an antibiotic-resistant gene. Moreover, there was little genetic mutation between the first and 25th generations of B. bifidum BGN4. Tetracycline-resistant genes are prevalent among B. longum strains; B. longum BORI has a tet(W) gene on its chromosome DNA and has also shown resistance to tetracycline. However, this research shows that its tetracycline resistance was not transferred via conjugation with L. fermentum AGBG1, the ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Evaluations of Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI

Kim¹,

Kim³

et al. 2018

IJMS

105

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show abstract

“…It is well known that many microbes under Firmicutes are related to digestive tract diseases [49,50]. For example, Ruminococcus gnavus has the function of pro-oxidation and C3, 7, 12 hydroxyl isomeric [51]. It can produce iso-bile acids, and iso-bile acids can reduce DCA toxicity [52].…”

Section: An Application Using Real World Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IP4M: an integrated platform for mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data mining

Liang

Quan²,

Zhou³

et al. 2020

BMC Bioinformatics

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Background Metabolomics data analyses rely on the use of bioinformatics tools. Many integrated multi-functional tools have been developed for untargeted metabolomics data processing and have been widely used. More alternative platforms are expected for both basic and advanced users. Results Integrated mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics data mining (IP4M) software was designed and developed. The IP4M, has 62 functions categorized into 8 modules, covering all the steps of metabolomics data mining, including raw data preprocessing (alignment, peak de-convolution, peak picking, and isotope filtering), peak annotation, peak table preprocessing, basic statistical description, classification and biomarker detection, correlation analysis, cluster and sub-cluster analysis, regression analysis, ROC analysis, pathway and enrichment analysis, and sample size and power analysis. Additionally, a KEGG-derived metabolic reaction database was embedded and a series of ratio variables (product/substrate) can be generated with enlarged information on enzyme activity. A new method, GRaMM, for correlation analysis between metabolome and microbiome data was also provided. IP4M provides both a number of parameters for customized and refined analysis (for expert users), as well as 4 simplified workflows with few key parameters (for beginners who are unfamiliar with computational metabolomics). The performance of IP4M was evaluated and compared with existing computational platforms using 2 data sets derived from standards mixture and 2 data sets derived from serum samples, from GC–MS and LC–MS respectively. Conclusion IP4M is powerful, modularized, customizable and easy-to-use. It is a good choice for metabolomics data processing and analysis. Free versions for Windows, MAC OS, and Linux systems are provided.

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“…Mixed feeding of bacteria from high-risk infants induced asthmatic changes in mice (Arrieta et al, 2015). Suitable gut microbes regulate the host immune system through multiple mechanisms, including direct stimulation of host immunity, and through metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (Trompette et al, 2014), and bile acids (Sańchez, 2018). SCFA is a mediator of gut-lung axis, which can boost the production of regulatory T cells (Tregs) (Okada et al, 2010), and thus ameliorate asthma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gu-Ben-Fang-Xiao Decoction Ameliorated Murine Asthma in Remission Stage by Modulating Microbiota-Acetate-Tregs Axis

et al. 2020

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Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of asthma. Manipulating gut microbiota is a promising therapeutic intervention in asthma, and is being extensively studied. Gu-Ben-Fang-Xiao Decoction (GBFXD), derived from traditional Chinese medicine, is an effective and safe therapeutic formula for asthma in remission stage (ARS). Herein, we showed that GBFXD treatment remarkably alleviated ARS by improving respiratory function and lung histopathology. Asthmatic mice displayed a dysbiosis of gut microbiota, represented by significantly increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased abundance of Firmicutes in gut, while GBFXD treatment reversed the gut dysbiosis in asthmatic mice at phylum, family, and genus levels. Moreover, our data showed that GBFXD treatment increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)producing bacteria in asthmatic mice, such as Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, and Bifidobacteriaceae, which consequently led to elevated levels of SCFAs. Furthermore, GBFXD treatment significantly enhanced the regulatory T cell differentiation via SCFAs, particularly acetate, in asthmatic mice. More critically, the protective effect of GBFXD was shown to be transmissible among asthmatic mice through co-housing microbiota transplantation. Antibiotic cocktail and acetate replenishment experiments also further substantiated the importance of SCFA-producing gut microbiota in GBFXD action. We, thus, demonstrated for the first time that gut microbiota dysbiosis existed in ARS. GBFXD could ameliorate ARS through the microbiota-acetate-Tregs axis.

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Bile acid–microbiota crosstalk in gastrointestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis: a role for bifidobacteria and lactobacilli?

Cited by 74 publications

References 9 publications

Safety Evaluations of Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI

Safety Evaluations of Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI

IP4M: an integrated platform for mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data mining

Gu-Ben-Fang-Xiao Decoction Ameliorated Murine Asthma in Remission Stage by Modulating Microbiota-Acetate-Tregs Axis

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