Bimetallic palladium-tin nanoclusters, PdSn(2 0 0) and PdSn(1 0 1), templated with cationic surfactant for electrochemical denitrification toward N2 and NH4+ selectivity

Characteristics of Copper and Tin-Based Rhodium Bimetallic Electrodes for Highly Selective Ammonia Yield in Electrochemical Denitrification

“…Note that nitrite is the primary product in the potential region of R N (i.e., −1.0 V, Figure e) on the monometal Rh/Ni, leading to a negligible removal of total oxygenated nitrogen (TON = [NO 3 – ] + [NO 2 – ]), even though 64.5% of nitrate is removed (Figure c). It was reported previously that after the first electron-transfer step of NO 3 – to NO 2 – , Pd in bimetallic PdCu and PdSn electrodes heavily influenced the reduction of NO 2 – intermediate to N 2 . Competitive adsorption between nitrate and hydrogen essentially governed the efficiency of NO 3 – RR and formation of nitrogen species on metals .…”

“…26,27 It has been reported that bimetallic electrodes Pd 0.05 Sn 0.95 and Pd 0.25 Cu 0.75 exhibit much higher nitrate reduction reactivity than monometallic Sn and Cu. 21,28 The Rh electrode has been reported to exhibit high affinity toward oxyanions, such as NO 3 − , ClO 4 − , PO 4 3− , and SO 4 2− . 29−31 There is little research effort on the reduction of NO 3 − to NH 3 over rhodium (Rh) supported on Cu and Sn metals.…”

“…Several authors have fabricated bifunctional electrodes mostly by incorporating one base metal with a second element in forms of alloys, mixed films, and surface adatoms on a core material. − The chemical composition of metals usually exhibits various effects on electrochemical reactions, in which the combined current response of each metal enhances the FE %. To date, Pd was the most sensitive metal toward N 2 selectivity compared to other precious metals, such as Pt, Ir, and Ru. , It has been reported that bimetallic electrodes Pd 0.05 Sn 0.95 and Pd 0.25 Cu 0.75 exhibit much higher nitrate reduction reactivity than monometallic Sn and Cu. , The Rh electrode has been reported to exhibit high affinity toward oxyanions, such as NO 3 – , ClO 4 – , PO 4 3– , and SO 4 2– . − There is little research effort on the reduction of NO 3 – to NH 3 over rhodium (Rh) supported on Cu and Sn metals. This work was to synthesize the bimetallic Rh x Cu 1– x and Rh x Sn 1– x electrodes via electroplating.…”

Bimetallic Face-Centered Cubic Pd–Ag Nano-dendritic Alloys Catalysts Boost Ethanol Electrooxidation

“…23−29 Palladium is one of the platinum group metals; as an anodic catalyst, it shows great potential in electrocatalysis because it possesses excellent catalytic activity and stability in aqueous electrolytes. 30−34 Also, the electron structure of Pd can be optimized by alloying with other elements like nickel, 35,36 copper, 37,38 bismuth, 39,40 and tin 28,41,42 to form Pd-based alloys. These improve the electrocatalytic activity toward EOR effectively.…”

“…Recently, platinum catalysts have been regarded as the ideal electrocatalysts for fuel cells. − However, there are still some problems like poor durability, slow reaction kinetics, and low natural reserves, and these greatly limit its prospects and large-scale commercial application . To improve the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts, there is a great interest in the research of non-platinum electrocatalysts. − Palladium is one of the platinum group metals; as an anodic catalyst, it shows great potential in electrocatalysis because it possesses excellent catalytic activity and stability in aqueous electrolytes. − Also, the electron structure of Pd can be optimized by alloying with other elements like nickel, , copper, , bismuth, , and tin ,, to form Pd-based alloys. These improve the electrocatalytic activity toward EOR effectively. − In addition, some loadings can greatly improve the utilization of noble metal atoms .…”