“…Mesoporous silicas, such as MCM-41, SBA-15, and others, are frequently used as the catalyst carriers. − Mesoporous materials have the following features: high specific surface area (up to 1000 m 2 /g) and narrow size distribution of wide pores (∼4 nm), wherein a steric hindrance for adsorption of bulky sulfur-containing molecules (for example, alkyldibenzothiophenes) is absent. , In general, the ODS catalysts are polyoxometallates or oxides of molybdenum and tungsten supported on MCM-41, , but titanium, iron, and nickel are used scarcely. , Using these catalysts, model sulfides are oxidized completely. , …”