Binder-jet powder-bed additive manufacturing (3D printing) of thick graphene-based electrodes

Azhari, Amir; Marzbanrad, Ehsan; Yilman, Dilara; Toyserkani, Ehsan; Pope, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2017.04.028

Cited by 123 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Interestingly, when the mass loading of electroactive material is 10 mg cm −2 , the GO‐160‐8D electrode still exhibits high specific capacitance of 316 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 (213 F g −1 at 20 A g −1 ), much higher than that of commercial activated carbon (YP‐50, 192 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 and 106 F g −1 at 20 A g −1 ), indicating excellent electrochemical performances for the practical application in supercapacitors (Figure b; Figure S11, Supporting Information). More importantly, as shown in Figure c, the capacitance of the GO‐160‐8D is much higher than those observed for other chemical reduced GO, hydrothermal reduced GO, and thermal reduced GO (Table S2, Supporting Information), meaning that RGO obtained by such a green and energy‐efficient process is a promising electrode material for application in high‐performance supercapacitors. Simultaneously, the GO‐160‐8D displays 94% of capacitance and 12.3% of oxygen content retention over 10 000 cycles (Figure d; Figure S12, Supporting Information), indicating excellent electrochemical stability and high reversibility.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In addition, oxygen groups (epoxide, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl) can induce sp 3 defects and distort the π conjugated system, resulting in the decreased conductivity of RGO. Although it is possible to tune the C/O ratio and conductivity of RGO through a controllable annealing process at temperatures from 200 to 1000 °C, the annealed GO at temperatures below 200 °C has rarely been reported as electrode material for supercapacitors due to its poor conductivity. For full utilization of oxygen groups for providing high pseudocapacitance, the conductivity of RGO should be greatly enhanced without a compromise of the oxygen content .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen Clusters Distributed in Graphene with “Paddy Land” Structure: Ultrahigh Capacitance and Rate Performance for Supercapacitors

Liu

Jiang

Sheng

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

104

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The introduction of surface functional groups onto graphene can provide additional pseudocapacitance for supercapacitors. However, the compensation for the loss of electrical conductivity arising from the disruption of the conjugated system remains a big challenge. Here, a novel strategy is reported for the design of oxygen clusters distributed in graphene with "paddy land" structure via a low-temperature annealing process. Moreover, the distribution, content, and variety of oxygen groups and the conductivity of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) can be easily adjusted by annealing temperature and time. First-principles calculations demonstrate that "paddy land" structure exhibits conjugated carbon network, ultralow HOMO-LUMO gap, and long span of atomic charge values, which are beneficial for the enhanced pseudocapacitance and rate performance. As a result, the functionalized graphene (GO-160-8D) exhibits high specific capacitance of 436 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 , exceeding the values of previously reported RGO materials, as well as excellent rate performance (261 F g −1 at 50 A g −1 ) and cycling stability (94% of capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles). The findings may open a door for finely controlling the location and density of functionalities on graphene for applications in energy storage and conversion fields via a green and energy-efficient process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Clusters Distributed in Graphene with “Paddy Land” Structure: Ultrahigh Capacitance and Rate Performance for Supercapacitors

Liu

Jiang

Sheng

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

104

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“…The gravimetric, areal and volumetric energy densities of the 3D-printed AC/CNT/rGO-1, 2, 4, and 10 symmetric supercapacitors as a function of scan rate were summarized in Figures S20-S22 (Supporting Information). In general, our assembled ultrathick AC/CNT/rGO-10 symmetric supercapacitor can deliver a maximum areal energy density of 0.63 mWh cm −2 , which compares favorably with many advanced energy storage devices, such as a-MEGO, [37] F-GRF, [38] CAEGO, [39] PANI/N-C/SS, [40] Ni 3 S 2 //Pen Ink, [41] NiCo(OH) 2 //Zn, [42] GO MSCs, [22] PPy-GA, [23] MnO 2 NWs@ CFC, [43] rGO@PPyNT, [44] Bi 2 O 3 //MnO 2 , [45] RGO/PEDOT:PSS, [46] Bi 2 O 3 NT5-GF, [47] VO x /rGO//G-VNQDs/rGO, [26] CNT// CNT, [48] Pd-TRGO, [49] and AC//AC symmetric/asymmetric cells (Figure 5d). [50] Meanwhile, benefiting from the compact electrode architecture and abundant hierarchical pores, the volumetric energy density of the 3D-printed ultrathick AC/CNT/ rGO-10 symmetric supercapacitor can reach 1.43 mWh cm −3 , which is superior than those recently reported supercapacitors, such as CNT//CNT, [48] LSG-EC, [51] Ti 3 C 2 T x paper, [52] VN// VO x , [53] MVNN/CNT, [54] Ni/MnO 2 //Ni/AC, [55] α-Fe 2 O 3 @PANI// PANI, [56] MnO 2 //C, [57] MPG-MSCs, [58] C/MnO 2 , [59] 3D-GCA SSC, [18] PPy-GA, [23] NCF-SSC, [60] K 2 Co 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 ·2H 2 O//Graphene, [61] and GRO-PE fMSC cells.…”

Section: Figure 1amentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Tunable Energy Storage Devices with Both High Areal and Volumetric Energy Densities

Gao

Zhou

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

149

134

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materials play a determined role in offering high performance for supercapacitors. There are usually two ways to enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. One is exploring new electrode materials with high surface area and conductivity, such as advanced carbonbased materials, and the other one is constructing reasonable electrode structure with unimpeded electron and ion pathways. [4][5][6][7][8] To date, many efforts have been dedicated to developing a variety of carbonaceous materials with different morphologies, such as CNT, AC, graphene, carbon nanofibers, whereas less attention has been focused on the optimization of carbon-based electrode structures. [9][10][11][12][13] How to properly design and regulate the electrode microstructures (electrode architecture engineering) based on the existed materials using advanced fabrication and assembly methods to further optimize the performance is also of great significance.A few fabrication and assembly methods, such as vacuum filtration, [14] freeze-casting, [15] solvothermal gelation, [16] and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), [17] have been proposed to adjust the carbon-based electrode architectures. However, for the CVD method, it is expensive and not scalable, and the obtained electrode structures are generally fragile. The electrode architecture prepared by the vacuum filtration, freeze-casting and solvothermal gelation is largely stochastic and highly tortuous, which greatly hinders electrolyte ion transport. Thus, the controllable and scalable electrode fabrication with tailored architectures remains a great challenge. [18] The extrusion-based Developing advanced supercapacitors with both high areal and volumetric energy densities remains challenging. In this work, self-supported, compact carbon composite electrodes are designed with tunable thickness using 3D printing technology for high-energy-density supercapacitors. The 3D carbon composite electrodes are composed of the closely stacked and aligned active carbon/carbon nanotube/reduced graphene oxide (AC/CNT/rGO) composite filaments. The AC microparticles are uniformly embedded in the wrinkled CNT/rGO conductive networks without using polymer binders, which contributes to the formation of abundant open and hierarchical pores. The 3D-printed ultrathick AC/CNT/rGO composite electrode (ten layers) features high areal and volumetric mass loadings of 56.9 mg cm −2 and 256.3 mg cm −3 , respectively. The symmetric cell assembled with the 3D-printed thin GO separator and ultrathick AC/CNT/rGO electrodes can possess both high areal and volumetric capacitances of 4.56 F cm −2 and 10.28 F cm −3 , respectively. Correspondingly, the assembled ultrathick and compact symmetric cell achieves high areal and volumetric energy densities of 0.63 mWh cm −2 and 1.43 mWh cm −3 , respectively. The all-component extrusion-based 3D printing offers a promising strategy for the fabrication of multiscale and multidimensional structures of various high-energy-density electrochemical energy storage devices. 3D-Printed S...

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“…Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), rapid prototyping (RP), solid freeform fabrication (SFF), or layered manufacturing (LM), is an innovative technology which has been widely used in biotechnology [1], aerospace [2], medical applications [3], conductive devices [4], sensors [5], etc. 3D printing methods can be divided into five categories, including direct ink writing (DIW) [6], fused deposition modelling (FDM) [7], selective laser sintering (SLS) [8], stereolithography apparatus (SLA) [9], and three-dimensional printing (3DP) [10]. In 1986, Chales Hull invented the first 3D printer based on SLA and founded 3D Systems [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Reinforced Biodegradable Resin Composites for Stereolithographic 3D Printing of Bone Structure Scaffolds

Feng

Liu

et al. 2019

Journal of Nanomaterials

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A biodegradable UV-cured resin has been fabricated via stereolithography apparatus (SLA). The formulation consists of a commercial polyurethane resin as an oligomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as a reactive diluent and phenylbis (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (Irgacure 819) as a photoinitiator. The tensile strength of the three-dimensional (3D) printed specimens is 68 MPa, 62% higher than that of the reference specimens (produced by direct casting). The flexural strength and modulus can reach 115 MPa and 5.8 GPa, respectively. A solvent-free method is applied to fabricate graphene-reinforced nanocomposite. Porous bone structures (a jawbone with a square architecture and a sternum with a round architecture) and gyroid scaffold of graphene-reinforced nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering have been 3D printed via SLA. The UV-crosslinkable graphene-reinforced biodegradable nanocomposite using SLA 3D printing technology can potentially remove important cost barriers for personalized biological tissue engineering as compared to the traditional mould-based multistep methods.

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Binder-jet powder-bed additive manufacturing (3D printing) of thick graphene-based electrodes

Cited by 123 publications

References 75 publications

Oxygen Clusters Distributed in Graphene with “Paddy Land” Structure: Ultrahigh Capacitance and Rate Performance for Supercapacitors

Oxygen Clusters Distributed in Graphene with “Paddy Land” Structure: Ultrahigh Capacitance and Rate Performance for Supercapacitors

3D Printing of Tunable Energy Storage Devices with Both High Areal and Volumetric Energy Densities

Graphene-Reinforced Biodegradable Resin Composites for Stereolithographic 3D Printing of Bone Structure Scaffolds

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