Binder liquid distribution during granulation process and its relationship to granule size distribution

Smirani-Khayati, N.; Falk, Véronique; Bardin‐Monnier, Nathalie; Marchal-Heussler, Laurent

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2009.05.020

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Analysis of Liquid Distribution. A water-soluble nigrosin dye (Sigma Aldrich Corp., St. Louis, MO), was used as a tracer in the granulating liquid to allow the determination of liquid distribution in different size fractions after drying the granules similar to the method reported by Smirani-Khayati et al 21 A UV/Vis spectroscopic method was used to analyze the amount of nigrosin dye in each sieved granule fraction. Three granule samples from each size fraction were analyzed.…”

Section: Screw Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulation rate processes in the kneading elements of a twin screw granulator

Hagrasy

Litster

2013

AIChE Journal

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To characterize the granulation rate processes in the kneading section of the twin screw granulator, separate experiments were conducted using exclusively conveying elements as the baseline in addition to different configurations of kneading elements. The configuration parameters examined were the length of the kneading section, the advance angle, and the angle direction. Granule size, shape and liquid distribution were measured. Two main rate processes were observed (1) breakage and layering, and (2) Shear elongation and layering. Breakage was dominant in the 90 configuration while shear elongation dominated in the 30 reverse configurations, with other configurations giving some combination of the two rate processes. The distinct three-dimensional (3-D) shape characteristics of granules obtained from each configuration were crucial in elucidating the dominant granulation rate process in each case. The proposed granulation mechanisms explain the events leading to particular granule attributes, but more importantly provide insight into future optimization of twin screw granulation process.

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Section: Screw Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulation rate processes in the kneading elements of a twin screw granulator

Hagrasy

Litster

2013

AIChE Journal

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“…Nigrosin has been shown effective as a tracer to study the binder distribution of wet granulated samples in both batch and continuous high shear processes (El Hagrasy and Litster, 2013a,b;Smirani-Khayati et al, 2009). A granulate sample (0.28 AE 0.05 g) was dispersed in 5 ml distilled water for 12 h, followed by applying sonication for 30 min.…”

Section: Binder Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining drug hydrophobicity in continuous wet granulation within a twin screw extruder

Thompson

O’Donnell

2015

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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“…1 4 been reported to be a consequence of uniform wetting and nucleation. 3,[5][6][7][8] Ensuring a controlled wetting and nucleation generally gives rise to controlled granule growth and breakage, which eventually leads to the formation of homogeneous granules. For poor wetting and nucleation, the granules will be immersed with uneven liquid binder content, with the large granules associated with more liquid binder than the smaller granules.…”

Section: Spray Granulationmentioning

confidence: 99%