Binding and Retrieval in Action Control (BRAC)

Frings, Christian; Hommel, Bernhard; Koch, Iring; Rothermund, Klaus; Dignath, David; Giesen, Carina; Kiesel, Andrea; Kunde, Wilfried; Mayr, Susanne; Moeller, Birte; Möller, Malte; Pfister, Roland; Philipp, Andrea M.

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2020.02.004

Cited by 284 publications

(494 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…After ruling out the alternative explanation in Experiment 1 that task-pair switch costs do not reflect solely cue-encoding benefits due to lower-level priming processes instead of taskpair set control, Experiment 2 aimed to investigate the point in time when task-pair sets are activated. Hirsch et al (2018) discussed an episodic binding account (see Frings, Hommel, et al, 2020a;Frings, Koch, et al, 2020b, for reviews) and a hierarchical account. They favored the hierarchical account, but did not test it systematically.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a multicomponent hierarchical representation of dual tasks

2020

Self Cite

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Recent dual-task studies observed worse performance in task-pair switches than in task-pair repetitions and interpreted these task-pair switch costs as evidence that the identity of the two individual tasks performed within a dual task is jointly represented in a single mental representation, termed “task-pair set.” In the present study, we conducted two experiments to examine (a) whether task-pair switch costs are due to switching cues or/and task pairs and (b) at which time task-pair sets are activated during dual-task processing. In Experiment 1, we used two cues per task-pair and found typical dual-task interference, indicating that performance in the individual tasks performed within the dual task deteriorates as a function of increased temporal task overlap. Moreover, we observed cue switch costs, possibly reflecting perceptual cue priming. Importantly, there were also task-pair switch costs that occur even when controlling for cue switching. This suggests that task-pair switching per se produces a performance cost that cannot be reduced to costs of cue switching. In Experiment 2, we employed a go/no-go-like manipulation and observed task-pair switch costs after no-go trials where subjects prepared for a task-pair, but did not perform it. This indicates that task-pair sets are activated before performing a dual task. Together, the findings of the present study provide further evidence for a multicomponent hierarchical representation consisting of a task-pair set organized at a hierarchically higher level than the task sets of the individual tasks performed within a dual task.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a multicomponent hierarchical representation of dual tasks

2020

Self Cite

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“…Assuming that principles for object perception can be transferred to personperception, the self would be represented by bindings of particular features, the significance of each feature can be weighted according to the current context, and a direct binding from the objector in our case the persongoes to action (for an overview of a common object-perception approach, the Theory of Event Coding, see Hommel, 2004). In this context, self-relevance might be seen as a higher-order influence on stimulus processing, and thereby categorized as a controlled influence on stimulus-response-effect episodes in general (see, e.g., Frings et al, 2020).…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating a network of importance: The particular effects of self-relevance on stimulus processing

Schäfer

Wentura

Frings

2020

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Several factors guide our attention and the way we process our surroundings. In that regard, there is an ongoing debate about the way we are influenced by stimuli that have a particular self-relevance for us. Recent findings suggest that self-relevance does not always capture our attention automatically. Instead, an interpretation of the literature might be that self-relevance serves as an associative advantage facilitating the integration of relevant stimuli into the self-concept. We compared the effect of self-relevant stimuli with the effect of negative stimuli in three tasks measuring different aspects of cognitive processing. We found a first dissociation suggesting that negative valence attracts attention while self-relevance does not, a second dissociation suggesting that self-relevance influences stimulus processing beyond attention-grabbing mechanisms and in the form of an “associative glue,” while negative valence does not, and, last but not least, a third dissociation suggesting that self-relevance influences stimulus processing at a later stage than negative valence does.

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“…An example of an instance-based model that depends on only one previous experience is that rooted in the Theory of Event Coding (see Hommel et al, 2001). These models posit temporary "bindings" between attributes, which are constantly being created and over-written by new experiences (for a recent discussion, see Frings et al, 2020). These binding are created between all current attributes, regardless of task-relevance, including the attributes of the response.…”

Section: Retrieval and Binding Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the state of the literature (see, e.g., Frings et al, 2020;Giesen et al, 2020;Schmidt et al, 2020), we suggest that at least three things should be done in order to optimize the conditions for associative learning over most-recent-pairing or binding effects. First, because pairing effects have been found to decrease with lag, the number of different values for the irrelevant attribute should be high (e.g., six or more), such that the average lag between appearances of the same value is high.…”

Section: Optimizing the Conditions For Correlation Cuingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable Correlational Cuing While Controlling for Most-Recent-Pairing Effects

Xu¹,

Mordkoff²

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Irrelevant aspects of the environment or irrelevant attributes of task-relevant stimuli can have important and reliable effects on behavior. When the specific values of an irrelevant attribute are correlated with different responses, a correlational-cuing effect is observed: faster and more accurate responses when the correlation is positive. Previous work has shown that this effect is not due to simple differences in how often the specific stimuli or attributes are being presented, and most explanations of the effect have stressed the clear parallels with classical associative learning. There are alternative explanations, however, that center on instances, episodes, or events, instead of associative learning. One such model posits that transient bindings between irrelevant stimulus attributes and responses (i.e., most-recent-pairings) may be responsible for the correlation-cuing effect and some recent work has found no evidence of correlational cuing when most-recent-pairings are taken into account. However, the experimental conditions that were employed previously may not have been optimized for associative learning. A new experiment that was designed to emphasize associative learning was conducted and produced reliable evidence of correlational cuing even when controlling for most-recent-pairing effects.

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Binding and Retrieval in Action Control (BRAC)

Cited by 284 publications

References 108 publications

Evidence for a multicomponent hierarchical representation of dual tasks

Evidence for a multicomponent hierarchical representation of dual tasks

Creating a network of importance: The particular effects of self-relevance on stimulus processing

Reliable Correlational Cuing While Controlling for Most-Recent-Pairing Effects

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