Binding of What and Where During Working Memory Maintenance

Sala, Joseph B.; Courtney, Susan

doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70442-8

Cited by 112 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Cells in one and the same zone of the frontal cortex may contribute to working memory of different kinds of information by interacting with select posterior cell populations. Thus, the frontal cortex is likely not a storage buffer per se but exerts top-down control of other neuronal populations in the network that actually represent information (for discussions about material specificity in frontal maintenance activity through posterior feedback signals, see, e.g., Sala and Courtney 2007). Typically, along with the frontal cortex, superior parietal regions also show elevated sustained activity during the delay period, suggesting that parts of the parietal cortex may serve general top-down functions (e.g., sustain attention to internal representation; see Fig.…”

Section: How Is Information In Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Memory: Maintenance, Updating, and the Realization of Intentions

Nyberg

Eriksson

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Correspondence: lars.nyberg@umu.se "Working memory" refers to a vast set of mnemonic processes and associated brain networks, relates to basic intellectual abilities, and underlies many real-world functions. Workingmemory maintenance involves frontoparietal regions and distributed representational areas, and can be based on persistent activity in reentrant loops, synchronous oscillations, or changes in synaptic strength. Manipulation of content of working memory depends on the dorsofrontal cortex, and updating is realized by a frontostriatal '"gating" function. Goals and intentions are represented as cognitive and motivational contexts in the rostrofrontal cortex. Different working-memory networks are linked via associative reinforcement-learning mechanisms into a self-organizing system. Normal capacity variation, as well as workingmemory deficits, can largely be accounted for by the effectiveness and integrity of the basal ganglia and dopaminergic neurotransmission.

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Section: How Is Information In Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Memory: Maintenance, Updating, and the Realization of Intentions

Nyberg

Eriksson

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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“…In addition to early-to-mid-level visual areas having retinotopically organized receptive fields, in monkeys, spatially selective neurons have been reported in frontal and supplementary eye fields (FEF and SEF, respectively), in several regions within posterior parietal cortex (Colby and Goldberg 1999), and during working memory tasks in dorsolateral PFC (Funahashi et al 1989). In humans, the superior frontal sulcus (SFS) has been implicated in spatial working memory (Courtney et al 1998;Mohr et al 2006;Munk et al 2002;Sala and Courtney 2007). The superior parietal lobule (SPL) has been implicated in shifts of spatial attention (Yantis et al 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial relations and spatial locations are dissociated within prefrontal and parietal cortex

Ackerman

Courtney

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Ackerman CM, Courtney SM. Spatial relations and spatial locations are dissociated within prefrontal and parietal cortex. J Neurophysiol 108: 2419 -2429. First published August 15, 2012 doi:10.1152/jn.01024.2011.-Item-specific spatial information is essential for interacting with objects and for binding multiple features of an object together. Spatial relational information is necessary for implicit tasks such as recognizing objects or scenes from different views but also for explicit reasoning about space such as planning a route with a map and for other distinctively human traits such as tool construction. To better understand how the brain supports these two different kinds of information, we used functional MRI to directly contrast the neural encoding and maintenance of spatial relations with that for item locations in equivalent visual scenes. We found a double dissociation between the two: whereas item-specific processing implicates a frontoparietal attention network, including the superior frontal sulcus and intraparietal sulcus, relational processing preferentially recruits a cognitive control network, particularly lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and inferior parietal lobule. Moreover, pattern classification revealed that the actual meaning of the relation can be decoded within these same regions, most clearly in rostrolateral PFC, supporting a hierarchical, representational account of prefrontal organization.fMRI; representation; hierarchical organization; reasoning WHEREAS MOST RESEARCH INTO the neural basis of spatial processing has focused on the representation of object location in eye-, head-, or hand-centered coordinates, in much of daily life and language use, it is the relative positions between objects that is critical. For instance, view-independent object recognition depends on knowledge of the spatial relations between object parts. This could be accomplished implicitly, but explicit representation of the spatial relations between entities in the environment is necessary for communication about space beyond mere pointing, for creating tools and symbols composed of multiple independent elements, and for map-based navigation.The prefrontal cortex (PFC) would be expected to be involved in tasks requiring explicit encoding and maintenance of object locations and spatial relations in working memory. Several theories of PFC organization suggest that more abstract or integrated information is represented more anteriorly than more concrete, sensorimotor information [see Badre (2008) As relations are abstracted away from object-bound features and require integration among multiple objects, such theories would predict that in a direct comparison with object location, spatial relations between objects would be represented in more rostral regions.

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“…Un ensemble de données expérimentales suggèrent que le CPFL contribue peu au simple maintien en représentation mentale, mais qu'il est indispensable pour la manipulation des informations maintenues ou leur utilisation pour l'action [12,13]. En outre, la région postérieure du CPFL serait organisée en fonction du domaine de traitement en MT des informations (verbales ou visuelles dans la région inférieure, spatiales dans la région supérieure [14][15][16]). Cette distinction fonctionnelle correspondrait aux aires de projections des connexions anatomiques du CPFL avec les régions associatives postérieures, elles-mêmes dépendantes des domaines [17].…”

Section: Modèles Théoriques Et Corrélats Cérébrauxunclassified

“…Cette distinction fonctionnelle correspondrait aux aires de projections des connexions anatomiques du CPFL avec les régions associatives postérieures, elles-mêmes dépendantes des domaines [17]. Cette spécialisation en fonction du domaine se perdrait pour les régions plus antérieures [15,16,18]. Pour certains, il existerait un gradient postéro-antérieur selon la nature des repré-sentations mentales (ou de leur traitement), les régions antérieures gérant des informations moins dépendantes du domaine d'information et plus abstraites que les régions plus postérieures [19].…”

Section: Modèles Théoriques Et Corrélats Cérébrauxunclassified

“…Cascade du contrôle cognitif [21,42] Gradient d'abstraction en MT [19] Gradient d'intégration multidomaine [15] Gradient d'abstraction de l'action [22,25] Rôle ? [43] Intégration Abstraction Coordination des buts lors de l'entretien avec le patient, mais surtout, par l'entourage compte tenu de l'anosognosie fréquente dans ce syndrome.…”

Section: Modèles Postéro-antérieurs De Fonctionnement Du Cpflunclassified

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