Binocularity and visual search

Wolfe, Jeremy M.; Franzel, Susan L.

doi:10.3758/bf03207480

Cited by 117 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Two considerations seem to undermine the feasibility of this putative mechanism: First, it has been reasonably argued and shown that one cannot voluntary direct attention to an invisible stimulus (Schall, Nawrot, Blake, & Yu, 1993), and accordingly, binocular rivalry studies have indicated that voluntary attention seems incapable of operating on the neural representation of the suppressed image (Chong et al, 2005). Second, there is evidence that in a dichoptic viewing condition-typical of binocular rivalry and CFS-the observer cannot tell which eye is being stimulated by a given stimulus (Ono & Barbeito, 1985;Wolfe & Franzel, 1988). A second possibility is that in our CFS paradigm, initially, on some trials, the suppressed target image broke through the mask because of the stochastic nature of rivalry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning of monocular information facilitates breakthrough to awareness during interocular suppression

Mastropasqua

Tse

Turatto

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Continuous flash suppression (CFS) is a potent method of inducing binocular rivalry, wherein a rapid succession of high-contrast images presented to one eye effectively blocks from awareness a low-contrast image presented to the other eye. Here we addressed whether the contents of the suppressed image can break through to awareness with extended CFS exposure. On 2/3 of the trials, we presented a faint bar (the target) to the nondominant eye while a high-contrast flickering Mondrian (the mask) was displayed to the dominant eye. Participants were first asked to report whether the target had broken through the CFS mask. Furthermore, on targetpresent trials, the participants were then asked to guess whether the target had appeared above or below the fixation point. In Experiment 1, the target was presented with a fixed orientation for four blocks of trials, whereas in the fifth block, the target could also have the orthogonal orientation. In Experiment 2, the target was always presented with a fixed orientation, but in the fifth block, unbeknownst to participants, the target and the mask were swapped across the eyes. We found that awareness of the target rapidly improved with training in both experiments. However, whereas Experiment 1 revealed that the improvement largely generalized across stimulus orientations, Experiment 2 showed that the effect of practice was eye-specific. The results suggest that increased breakthrough with training was due to a monocular form of learning. Finally, a control experiment was conducted to exclude the possibility that the monocular learning we reported could have been due to sensory adaptation caused by the masks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning of monocular information facilitates breakthrough to awareness during interocular suppression

Mastropasqua

Tse

Turatto

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…Content may change prior to final publication. orientation [16], [17], [18], [19] length [20], [21] closure [16] size [22], [23] curvature [21] density [23] number [20], [24], [25] hue [23], [26], [27], [28], [29] luminance [21], [30], [31] intersections [16] terminators [16] 3D depth [32], [33] icker [34], [35], [36], [37], [38] direction of motion [33], [38], [39] velocity of motion [33], [38], [39], [40], [41] lighting direction [42], [43] Fig. 2.…”

Section: Theories Of Preattentive Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, visual search for a "blue" element would generate a top-down request that is drawn to blue locations. Wolfe argued that viewers must specify requests in terms of the categories provided by each feature map [18], [31]. Thus, a viewer could search for "steep" or "shallow" elements, but not for elements rotated by a speci c angle.…”

Section: Guided Search Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and Visual Memory in Visualization and Computer Graphics

Healey

Enns

2012

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

308

179

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Abstract-A fundamental goal of visualization is to produce images of data that support visual analysis, exploration, and discovery of novel insights. An important consideration during visualization design is the role of human visual perception. How we "see" details in an image can directly impact a viewer's ef ciency and effectiveness. This article surveys research on attention and visual perception, with a speci c focus on results that have direct relevance to visualization and visual analytics. We discuss theories of low-level visual perception, then show how these ndings form a foundation for more recent work on visual memory and visual attention. We conclude with a brief overview of how knowledge of visual attention and visual memory is being applied in visualization and graphics. We also discuss how challenges in visualization are motivating research in psychophysics.

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“…Since the search terminates upon detection of a target, only half of the items need to be scanned on the average for positive (target-present) trials; thus, the ratio of the slopes for negative versus positive trials should approximate 2: 1. It has indeed been found in numerous studies that the search for the presence of a simple feature is independent of set size, whereas the search for a conjunction of features is not (see, e.g., Bergen & lulesz, 1983;Egeth, Virzi, & Garbart, 1984;Nakayama & Silverman, 1986;Treisman & Gelade, 1980;Wolfe & Franzel, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological evidence for parallel and serial processing during visual search

Luck

Hillyard

1990

Perception & Psychophysics

196

132

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Event-related potentials were recorded from young adults during a visual search task in order to evaluate parallel and serial models of visual processing in the context of Treisman's feature integration theory. Parallel and serial search strategies were produced by the use offeature-present and feature-absent targets, respectively. In the feature-absent condition, the slopes of the functions relating reaction time and latency of the P3 component to set size were essentially identical, indicating that the longer reaction times observed for larger set sizes can be accounted for solely by changes in stimulus identification and classification time, rather than changes in postperceptual processing stages. In addition, the amplitude of the P3 wave on target-present trials in this condition increased with set size and was greater when the preceding trial contained a target, whereas P3 activity was minimal on target-absent trials. These effects are consistent with the serial self-terminating search model and appear to contradict parallel processing accounts of attention-demanding visual search performance, at least for a subset of search paradigms. Differences in ERP scalp distributions further suggested that different physiological processes are utilized for the detection of feature presence and absence.

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Binocularity and visual search

Cited by 117 publications

References 35 publications

Learning of monocular information facilitates breakthrough to awareness during interocular suppression

Learning of monocular information facilitates breakthrough to awareness during interocular suppression

Attention and Visual Memory in Visualization and Computer Graphics

Electrophysiological evidence for parallel and serial processing during visual search

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