Bio Availability of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in the Soil to Earthworm (<i>L. rubellus</i>) System

Larsen, B.; Pelusio, F.; Skej, H.; Payá-Pérez, Ana

doi:10.1080/03067319208027006

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This organic solvent was chosen due to the low water solubility of Irgarol and Diuron. In addition, acetone presents fast dissipation within sediment, which facilitates its volatilization and removal (Northcott and Jones, 2000), being commonly used as cosolvent in ecotoxicological evaluations of organic contaminants (Inglesfield, 1984;Perina et al, 2011;Austen and McEvoy, 1997;Larsen et al, 1992). Posteriorly, aqueous solutions were prepared by addition of suitable amounts of stock solutions in filtered seawater (filter of 1 m) which were placed in glass buckets containing 1 kg of defaunated sediment (dry weight).…”

Section: Sediment Spikementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological effects of Irgarol 1051 and Diuron on a coastal meiobenthic community: A laboratory microcosm experiment

Gallucci

Castro

Perina

et al. 2015

Ecological Indicators

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Section: Sediment Spikementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological effects of Irgarol 1051 and Diuron on a coastal meiobenthic community: A laboratory microcosm experiment

Gallucci

Castro

Perina

et al. 2015

Ecological Indicators

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“…These procedures are adaptations of spiking methods described in previously published material. Briefly, protocol 1 is an adaptation of Hatzinger and Alexander [20] and Ma et al [12], while protocol 3 is an adaptation of Larsen et al [21]. Mixing of all the spiked soils was carried out using a Waring commercial blender (Model 35BL64; Dynamics, Greenwich, CT, USA).…”

Section: Experiments 1: Evaluation Of Soil Spiking Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a standard spiking procedure for the introduction of hydrophobic organic compounds into field-wet soil

Northcott¹,

Jones²

2000

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Abstract-The purpose of this study was to reevaluate a number of spiking procedures we had previously investigated for spiking dry soil, determine their suitability for spiking radiolabeled hydrophobic organic compounds in field-wet soil, and identify the optimal spiking procedure. In the first part of this study, two radiolabeled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenanthrene (Phe) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), were introduced into field-wet soil by four different spiking procedures and the recovery and homogeneity of compound distribution assessed by analysis of replicate subsamples. The identified optimal spiking procedure involved adding an acetone spike solution to 10 ml acetone in a blender base, adding 250 g field-wet soil, and mixing with a highspeed blender. The relative standard deviations obtained by this procedure were 2.7 and 5.3% for 14 C-Phe and 14 C-7-BaP, respectively, and were comparable to those we obtained in a previous study for spiking dry soil. The persistence of acetone used as a carrier solvent in the optimal spiking procedure was assessed at various times after spiking to identify a suitable equilibration time to allow for solvent volatilization. The equilibration time, together with the identified optimal spiking procedure, were combined to develop a standard spiking procedure. The standard spiking procedure was used to prepare multiple soil microcosms individually spiked with radiolabeled Phe, pyrene, and BaP for a long-term aging study on the formation of PAH-bound residues in arable soil. The mean spike activity and homogeneity of spike distribution in 54 sterilized microcosms (3 ϫ 18) stored over 525 d was determined. Mean spike recovery and relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the three radiolabeled PAHs in the individually spiked and prepared microcosms were very good. However, this data illustrates the importance of determining the concentration and homogeneity of spikes within all individual test portions in experiments where organic compounds are spiked into soil or sediment.

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“…The less highly chlorinated PCBs are accumulated to a similar or greater level than are the more highly chlorinated PCBs. If the less highly chlorinated congeners reach steady state earlier than the more highly chlorinated PCBs in worms, as has been reported [33], this effect could contribute to their higher load, since young worms were also used in the study. Variations in accumulation of the different congeners were observed, but covariation between W1/C1 and W2/C2 and W3/C3 was also detected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in household composts and earthworms (Eisenia foetida)

Wågman

Strandberg

Bavel

et al. 1999

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Three indoor, household composts and the earthworms living in them were analyzed for their congener-specific content of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides, including DDTs, chlordanes, dieldrin, and penta-and hexachlorobenzene. The concentrations of the chlordanes were 0.01 to 0.2 ng/g dry weight (dw) in compost and 0.03 to 0.06 ng/g wet weight (ww) in the worms. Of all the pesticides, the DDTs and chlorobenzenes were found in the highest concentrations. The levels of PCBs found in the composts were 32 to 440 ng sum PCB/g dw and 23 to 290 ng/g ww in the worms. These observations are in strong agreement with reported data from studies of outdoor composts. The PCB congener pattern was similar to that of commercial technical mixtures (dominated by tetrachlorinated PCBs) in contrast with data reported from outdoor composts.

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Bio Availability of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in the Soil to Earthworm (L. rubellus) System

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Ecological effects of Irgarol 1051 and Diuron on a coastal meiobenthic community: A laboratory microcosm experiment

Ecological effects of Irgarol 1051 and Diuron on a coastal meiobenthic community: A laboratory microcosm experiment

Developing a standard spiking procedure for the introduction of hydrophobic organic compounds into field-wet soil

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in household composts and earthworms (Eisenia foetida)

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