Bio-Based Bisbenzoxazines with Flame Retardant Linker

Haubold, Thorben Sören; Puchot, Laura; Adjaoud, Antoine; Verge, Pierre; Koschek, Katharina

doi:10.3390/polym13244330

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Table compares poly(KAE-fa) with the widely used poly(BA-a) benzoxazine resin, showing consistently superior thermal and flame-retardant properties for poly(KAE-fa) . In addition, Figure a,b compares poly(KAE-fa) with recently reported biobased bifunctional benzoxazine resins, ,,,− demonstrating its outstanding properties concerning high heat resistance and exceptional flame-retardant properties. The current study highlights that the design of a benzoxazine molecule with rich hydrogen bonding significantly enhances the performance of polybenzoxazine thermoset materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Hydrogen Bonding-Rich Bio-Benzoxazine Resin Provides High-Performance Thermosets and Ultrahigh-Performance Composites

Yang,

Yang

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Producing thermosetting polymers using natural renewable resources has attracted great attention due to the requirement of sustainable development for human beings. Herein, we represent our design of a novel biobased thermosetting resin (KAE-fa) containing a polymerizable oxazine ring and a furan group derived from renewable kaempferol and furfurylamine. The distinctive presence of rich intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds within KAE-fa imparts it with thermal latent polymerization characteristic, long shelf life, and exceptional high performance of its resulting polybenzoxazine. Notably, the resulting thermoset, poly(KAE-fa), demonstrates a substantially high glass transition temperature (T g ) of 304 °C, an impressively elevated char yield (in N 2 ) of 63%, and an extraordinarily low heat release capacity of 10.12 J•g −1 •K −1 . In addition, KAE-fa has also been utilized to fabricate a carbon fiber-reinforced composite [CF/poly(KAE-fa)]. Employing this newly obtained high-performance bioresin as the matrix, CF/poly(KAE-fa) exhibits a remarkable property enhancement. For instance, CF/poly(KAE-fa) shows 108, 28, and 82.7% increases in T g , tensile strength, and Young's modules (room temperature), respectively, compared with the carbon fiber-reinforced BA-a composite [CF/poly(BA-a)]. These advantages underscore the great potential of using renewable bioresins for developing both high-performance thermosets and composites with key applications spanning from transportation to aerospace.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…(a) Comparison of T d5% and T g of poly(KAE-fa) with those of other biobased polybenzoxazines. − (b) Comparison of HRC and THR of poly(KAE-fa) with those of other biobased polybenzoxazines. ,,,,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Bonding-Rich Bio-Benzoxazine Resin Provides High-Performance Thermosets and Ultrahigh-Performance Composites

Yang,

Yang

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Minimum viscosities below 1 Pa s, similar to LCM or winding resins, can be reached, typically shortly before the curing reaction peaks. Curing of the SR only takes place once a certain temperature has been reached (epoxies $140-180 C, bismaleimide 150-250 C, and benzoxazines 160-190 C [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] ). Up to this point, the processing of the SR is similar to thermoplastics.…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid epoxy prepregs with patterned resin distribution: Influence of pattern and process parameters on part quality in vacuum‐bag‐only processing

Janzen,

May

2023

Polymer Composites

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Solid resins (SR) are fully reactive resin systems that are solid at room temperature. Up to a critical temperature they can be quasi‐infinitely molten and solidified without any relevant curing reaction. This study deals with novel SR‐based prepregs where a dry textile is covered with a regular SR (uncured) pattern, allowing for storage and draping at room temperature. The manufacturing of SR prepregs with accurate pattern geometries and the processing of the same into laminates with a pore volume content <1% using a vacuum bag only process is demonstrated for four pattern types and two curing cycles. The study furthermore shows that the pattern design has an influence on the mandatory drying phases as well as on fiber undulations. With sufficiently long drying phases, equivalent pore volume contents and interlaminar shear strength could be obtained with different pattern types.Highlights Manufacturing of carbon fiber (CF) solid epoxy prepregs with patterned resin distribution Epoxy powder processing Out‐of‐Autoclave manufacturing with vacuum‐bag‐only prepregs Interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) made of woven CFs Analysis of pore volume content and fiber undulation

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“…Additionally, most conventional FRs have the sole purpose of imparting fire resistance properties, and few work as plasticizers or antifoaming agents. , In general, FR additives that can provide multiple benefits to the polymer material are limited. Additionally, most organophosphates are utilized as additives instead of being chemically bound to the matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greening Biobased Polybenzoxazine Network: Three Benefits in One Go

Duhan

Amarnath

Yadav

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Eco-friendly initiators and environmentally safe flame-retardant (FR) adhesives are highly desired to empower sustainability in polymers. However, incorporating all of the properties simultaneously in a single step is challenging to achieve high-performance biomass sourced polymers. Herein, biobased benzoxazine monomers sourced from agro-waste phenol (cardanol, C) were synthesized using a facile solventless catalyst-free approach. Owing to their requirement of high ROP temperature (∼ 250 °C), prolonged polymerization cycle, issues of high flammability, and poor adhesive strength of the resultant polybenzoxazines limit their applications. To alleviate these issues, blends of naturally occurring phytic acid (PA) with the monomers resulted in fast polymerization kinetics (∼90% monomer conversion in 1 h) with the formation of hybrid polybenzoxazine networks at a mild temperature (∼100 °C). PA enacted as a green initiator and reactive halogen-free biobased FR and revealed favorable interactions across the polymer framework. Benefitting from the design, physical, ionic, and covalent cross-linking network of polymers with PA accounted for the extra-strong adhesive strength (71.1 kg/cm 2 , nearly 3.7 times higher than that of the pristine polybenzoxazine). Upon burning, the hybrid polybenzoxazines exhibited extremely low flammability, superior smoke suppression and formed intumescent char as supported by the limiting oxygen index, vertical burning, and cone calorimetry measurements. The present study indicated that the benign by design approach is a way forward to green thermosets offering excellent combination properties and potential applications in the future.

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Bio-Based Bisbenzoxazines with Flame Retardant Linker

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Hydrogen Bonding-Rich Bio-Benzoxazine Resin Provides High-Performance Thermosets and Ultrahigh-Performance Composites

Hydrogen Bonding-Rich Bio-Benzoxazine Resin Provides High-Performance Thermosets and Ultrahigh-Performance Composites

Solid epoxy prepregs with patterned resin distribution: Influence of pattern and process parameters on part quality in vacuum‐bag‐only processing

Greening Biobased Polybenzoxazine Network: Three Benefits in One Go

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